{"id":101109,"date":"2013-08-19T12:47:01","date_gmt":"2013-08-19T07:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=101109"},"modified":"2013-09-04T02:41:44","modified_gmt":"2013-09-03T21:11:44","slug":"the-die-is-cast-buddhist-sri-lanka-faces-a-casino-choice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/the-die-is-cast-buddhist-sri-lanka-faces-a-casino-choice\/","title":{"rendered":"The Die Is Cast: Buddhist Sri Lanka Faces A Casino Choice"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Marwaan Macan-Markar<\/a><\/span> –<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Marwaan Macan-Markar<\/p><\/div>\n

One word — tourism — glows on the horizon of hope for Sri Lanka<\/a><\/span>. It is reflected in the surfeit of reportage and advertisements in the local press, where the talk of new city hotels in the capital and planned boutique hotels in exotic, tropical settings dominate.<\/p>\n

This sentiment is understandable given the manner the South Asian nation is being promoted by the trend-setters for globe trotters. Lonely Planet<\/em>, the bible of backpackers, rewarded the island with a glowing tribute, declaring it the Number 1 destination for its low-budget flock for 2013. Travellers on the other end, the well-heeled jet-setters, have been encouraged likewise by the up-market press. Such globally renowned glossies as Conde Nast<\/em> and National Geographic<\/em> and broadsheets like the New<\/em> York Times<\/em> have ranked the country among the top five tourism hotspots over the past three years.<\/p>\n

That these words are being heeded is amplified in the tourist arrivals. Last year saw a record one million holidaymakers fly in to explore a country that had, till May 2009, endured a nearly 30-year-long civil war, pitting government troops against the Tamil Tiger<\/a><\/span> armed separatists.<\/p>\n

The military victory for the government, following a brutal final phase, has resulted in vast stretches of the country hitherto closed for the tourist trade open up. So, in addition to visiting the country\u2019s historic Sinhalese kingdoms, its mist-covered mountains where tea is grown and beaches along the southwest coast, foreign guests have a longer list to choose from. The new trails offer dolphin and whale watching (including the prized blue), surfing and snorkeling, and exploring game reserves famed for their wild elephants and leopards.<\/p>\n

Yet it appears that the reported 1.3 billion U.S. dollars tourism brought to the national coffers from showcasing the country\u2019s cultural and natural wealth is not enough for the government. The administration of President Mahinda Rajapaksa<\/a><\/span> wants to tap another rich vein to rake in what some analysts here say could earn the country close to one billion U.S. dollars annually: Indians with deep pockets and a taste for gambling, who are being eyed as the main draw for the planned expansion of casino tables in the capital. Colombo, the argument goes, will be a shorter distance, a more convenient location and a culturally familiar setting for these high rollers from the subcontinent than Singapore or Macau, where many now fly to for some high-stakes fun.<\/p>\n

A marquee venture, consequently, is enjoying a blaze of publicity. In the spotlight is Australian casino mogul James Packer<\/a><\/span>, whose renowned Crown Group has been given a \u201csweetheart deal<\/a><\/span>\u201d of up to 10 tax breaks to build a 36-storey entertainment complex in the Sri Lankan capital. The stake in the estimated 350 million U.S. dollar venture, to house a 430-room hotel and a sprawling casino, will be shared by Packer (45 percent), his local partner Ravi Wijeratne<\/a><\/span> (45 percent) and a still undisclosed Singapore-based body. Construction is due to start in November and the casino is expected to open its doors in 2016, the year the Sri Lankan government has targeted to see its in-bound tourism traffic hit 2.5 million arrivals.<\/p>\n

The \u201cCrown Complex,\u201d as it is now being promoted, will be located on the banks of Colombo\u2019s most storied body of water \u2013 the Beira Lake. The contours of the country\u2019s colonial and post-colonial economy are still visible around the lake. Warehouses that store Sri Lanka\u2019s famous export, tea, are located here. And now a casino strip is on the cards as a sign of the new direction the post-war economy is taking. In addition to Crown\u2019s latest money spinner, Colombo\u2019s already existing, albeit smaller, gaming establishments are to be re-located to an area that punters here call the \u201cColombo casino zone.\u201d Among these eight, which have been around for over two decades, are a cluster owned by Wijeratne, Packer\u2019s partner and a veteran in the trade. Casinos with names such as Marina Colombo, Stardust or Ballys have thrived on a flow of South Asian, East Asian and local punters.<\/p>\n

But now the promise of a jackpot economy is heading into troubled waters. Hardly impressed by this new turn in the tourism industry are respected members of the clergy in this predominantly Theravada Buddhist country. \u201cIt is not for the public good,\u201d warned Venerable Udugama Sri Buddharakkitha Thera, the chief monk of the Asgiriya Buddhist order, Sri Lanka\u2019s preeminent network of priests. \u201cForeigners don\u2019t come here to go to casinos. We are completely against this.\u201d<\/p>\n

His verbal salvo broadcast on television has put the government on notice. \u201cI have no political affiliations, but if this business is started, we will take to the streets against whoever supports it, be it government, ministers, parliamentarians or anybody else,\u201d he asserted. \u201cWe will take to the streets against them all.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even an influential ally of Rajapaksa\u2019s governing coalition in the parliament has echoed similar concerns during a debate in the legislature. Sri Lanka does not need casinos to promote tourism given the country\u2019s natural and cultural heritage, argued Patali Champika Ranawaka<\/a><\/span>, general secretary of the Jathika Hela Urumaya, a political party led by Buddhist monks. Casinos, the minister for technology, research and atomic energy reminded the government, \u201cgoes against the state religion of Buddhism.\u201d<\/p>\n

A challenge to the casino trade has also been posed by the Bodu Bala Sena<\/a><\/span> (Buddhist Power Force), which has, till now, been generating newspaper headlines for campaigns led by its monks targeting the country\u2019s religious minorities \u2013 the Muslims and Christians. It was against \u201call (gambling) entities, not just Packer,\u201d a spokesman told the media.<\/p>\n

They are views that cannot be taken lightly, given the political role Buddhist monks have played in Sri Lankan democracy since the country gained independence from the British in 1948. The weight of the clergy was pivotal during the 1956 general elections, which saw a party the monks endorsed win. The voice of the clergy also shaped government policy during the three-decade long conflict \u2013 they often supported tougher measures against the Tamil Tigers rebels and groups sympathetic to the Tamil minority cause. Such an overt role is rooted in the country\u2019s history, where Buddhist monks were recognized for their political role as advisors to Sinhalese kings of the past.<\/p>\n

The recent religious opposition is, in fact, a rare challenge to Rajapaksa, whose credentials as a political hero for the majority Sinhalese and a defender of Buddhism have rarely been challenged since he was first elected to power in 2005. And to limit the political fallout \u2013 yet keep the Packer casino venture on track \u2013 ministers have been rolled out to calm the religious waters by offering an innovative twist. The government \u201cwould not issue any new licenses to operate casinos,\u201d Minister of Economic Development Lakshman Yapa Abeywardane told the Daily News<\/em>, a mouthpiece for the state. The casino at Packer\u2019s \u201cCrown Complex\u201d would be integrated into an already existing, licensed gaming house owned by Wijeratne.<\/p>\n

This Buddhist opposition, consequently, has generated a values debate in some quarters. \u201cIt has been argued that the licensing of gaming resorts would serve to corrupt the morals of the Sri Lankan people,\u201d stated the Pathfinder Foundation, a think tank, in a commentary published in The Island<\/em>, an independently-owned, English-language daily. \u201cThis is difficult to sustain given the multitude of gambling centres (for horse racers run overseas), legal and illicit, that already exist in every nook and corner of urban and rural Sri Lanka.\u201d<\/p>\n

It is a discussion with precedence. The last time was when the country\u2019s 2002 tourism master plan was unveiled and there were moves to rid Colombo of its 24-hour casinos located in popular shopping neighbourhoods. There was a lobby to create a \u2018Casino City\u2019 in Bentota, a popular beach front along the country\u2019s southwestern coast.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis time it is different, because of the large foreign investment involving Packer,\u201d says a Sri Lankan punter, speaking on condition of anonymity. \u201cThe government will have to strike a balance, and it seems to be saying the right thing for now.\u201d<\/p>\n

Moderate Buddhist voices with an eye on the economy are calling for more understanding by pointing to the easy co-existence that continues at the All Ceylon Buddhist Congress, one of the country\u2019s oldest and respected Buddhist organisations. Its recent presidents, they say, hail from a family that continues to make its fortunes from bookmaking.<\/p>\n

*Marwaan Macan-Markar, a Sri Lankan journalist, is a foreign correspondent who has been reporting from Southeast Asia since 2001, following a posting in Mexico City. This dispatch was published in the August issue of The Irrawaddy, www.irrawaddy.org, a magazine and website based in Myanmar.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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