{"id":128010,"date":"2014-07-20T00:01:06","date_gmt":"2014-07-19T18:31:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=128010"},"modified":"2014-07-27T00:00:20","modified_gmt":"2014-07-26T18:30:20","slug":"politically-cautious-growth-oriented-indian-budget","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/politically-cautious-growth-oriented-indian-budget\/","title":{"rendered":"Politically-Cautious Growth-Oriented Indian Budget"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Kumar+David&amp;x=10&amp;y=4\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Kumar David<\/span><\/a> &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48911\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48911\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-48911\" alt=\"Prof. Kumar David \" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-48911\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prof. Kumar David<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The budget is a harbinger of state-led capitalism with Indian characteristics. Try as they might to hide it, Finance Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Arun+Jaitley&amp;x=9&amp;y=4\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Arun Jaitley<\/span><\/a>\u2019s first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Narendra+Modi&amp;x=6&amp;y=5\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Modi<\/span><\/a>-BJP budget is a disappointment for local business panting for privatisation, and global neo-liberal think-tanks salivating for \u201creform\u201d, \u201crestructuring\u201d and rebirth of the Washington Conesus buried a decade ago by a global populist backlash. However, the budget comes as no surprise to this correspondent who foresaw this Modi-BJP economic policy turn in <i>Colombo Telegraph, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/no-change-on-lanka-but-what-about-the-economy\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">8<\/span><\/a><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/no-change-on-lanka-but-what-about-the-economy\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0June 2014<\/span><\/a>, \u201cNo change on Lanka but what about the economy?\u201d This is what I said and the budget has borne it out.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cExpectations of a growth and institutional reform oriented strategy are universal, but no one has contested my suggestion that austerity for the masses, and\/or concessions to Wall-Mart etc which hurt small shopkeepers, will engender a backlash. While I agree that there will be pro-business changes, I opine that a major transformation of the Indian economy is not at hand . . . Modi-BJP will retain the mixed-economy. There will be some change but a 180-degree policy reversal is impossible. Margaret Thatcher style counter-revolution is out of the question in modern India . . . Jettisoning of the mixed-economy in favour of a full-blooded turn to neoliberalism is not a course that Modi-BJP should, can, or I believe intends to take. What we will see is a more robust and muscular style of leadership, some whip cracking against big time corruption, but I expect only a carefully managed turn away from populism and subsidies towards business friendly policies and neoliberalism\u201d.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_128014\" style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-128014\" class=\"size-full wp-image-128014\" alt=\"Finance Minister Arun Jaitley\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD2.jpg\" width=\"288\" height=\"161\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-128014\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Finance Minister Arun Jaitley<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Jaitley-Modi-BJP have steered clear of assaults on populism and retraction of concessions to low income classes even more than I had anticipated. Tax concessions have been made to those earning below Indian rupees 250, 000 and to seniors over 65 years of age, the feared sales tax has been deferred to the end of the year, the Indian housewife has been promised relief in oil and some essential food prices. The most significant retreat is that the \u201cRural job-guarantee scheme, which provides 100 days of paid employment a year, will become more focused on asset creation\u201d; a frank admission that like Lanka\u2019s Samuradhi, once granted such handouts cannot easily be withdrawn. The intention of channelling the scheme into productive directions is good.<\/p>\n<p>There is also a promise to make food and petroleum subsidies better targeted but large subsidy allocations have been set aside in 2014-15 for food (Indian Rs 1.15 trillion), petroleum (IRs 634 billion) and fertiliser (IRs 730 billion). These three items add to IRs 2.54 trillion, nearly 2.4% of India\u2019s GDP of US$ 1.85 trillion (IRs 111 trillion at 1$=IRs 60). Jaitley said all subsidies taken together account for 25 to 30% of fiscal expenditure of IRs 17.9 trillion. (Numbers are hard for foreigners to decipher because of so-called \u201cNon-Plan Expenditure\u201d, \u201cPlan Expenditure\u201d and Assistance to States). Revenue is estimated at IRs 11.9 trillion; the deficit of IRs 6 trillion is met mainly by incurring new debts of IRs 5.1 trillion.<\/p>\n<p>There is hardly a whiff of neoliberalism in the sense of an attack on subsidies and welfare. Thanks to this Sensex dropped by over 500 points, Nifty was down 2% and stocks of power, real-estate and infra firms crashed as IRs 3 trillion of investor wealth was within a day of the budget. (This is a knee-jerk reaction; the bulls will be back). What Indian and international capital demanded was austerity for the masses, cuts in subsidies and pruning welfare, all of which the new government, very wisely, dared not deliver; it would have been suicidal.<\/p>\n<p><b>Growth oriented promises<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless Modi-BJP-Jaitley economic policy is growth oriented and foreign and local investor friendly. There is a repetition of the promise oft made by Congress as well to cut corruption and tame regulation-raj. These intentions are well intentioned and deserve support though the obstacles are enormous. There is a commitment to Public-Private-Participation (PPP) reminiscent of China\u2019s massive use of Joint Venture Enterprises in the 1980s and 1990s. This was how China\u2019s state-capitalist economy was constructed. Tax concessions and other lollies will be offered to investors and economic take-off relying on a state-capitalist model is possible. On the investment side, for starters, there will be big openings to foreign capital in the defence and insurance sectors as the foreign holding ceiling has been raised from 26% to 49%. A friend dropped me an e-mail asking why foreign capital should be encouraged in insurance since local markets can cater to national needs. I don\u2019t know the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_128013\" style=\"width: 353px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-128013\" class=\"size-full wp-image-128013\" alt=\"Millions of persons who defecate outdoors\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD1.jpg\" width=\"343\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD1.jpg 343w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD1-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-128013\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Millions of persons who defecate outdoors<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The budget laid focus on critical infrastructure needed to spur economic growth (roads, railways, power and airports) and made clear a commitment to attracting the private sector. However Earnest &amp;Young, an accounting firm, in a statement said \u201c(T)he government has to tread with caution; PPP models formulated more than 10-15 years ago have become obsolete\u201d. India\u2019s largest construction equipment manufacturer JCB India commented \u201cWhile PPP in relation to many new projects has been announced a roadmap for execution of existing held up projects could have helped\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Five new IITs\/IIMs are to be established; IRs 70.6 billion has been set aside for the creation of \u201csmart cities\u201d; and four new AIIMS (All-India Institute of Medical Science) centres are to be opened. The state will assuredly be the leader in these ventures. Public hygiene needs massive investment in a country where 600 million people defecate in the great outdoors; maybe this enhances organic manureing but it outsources health hazards. Massive investment is envisaged in the railways, the need for cross-country high speed links and a colossal freight network to underpin industrial and agricultural growth has been underscored. These are ambitious and entirely appropriate targets and private investment through PPP programmes is needed if adequate capital is to be raised.<\/p>\n<p>Absence of ambition, commitment and determination has dogged India\u2019s catch up game with China and even if late in the day this boldness is to be applauded. India\u2019s roadmap to fast-track growth will be different from China\u2019s since it is a multi-party democracy, not a one-party state, but robust state intervention is unavoidable. Democracy is a slow stop-go process, it must permit dissent and reversal, but it allows society to muddle through, it is not brittle. Will China survive another 1984 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Tiananmen+Square&amp;x=6&amp;y=4\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Tiananmen Square<\/span><\/a> like uprising? Paradoxically, in the long-run, political democracy is a more secure social contract than monolithic structures; vide the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of these caveats, however, is to make a contrary point. There is no royal road to rapid economic growth in poor countries (about one billion Indians live on less than $2 a day) than robust state intervention. Traditional bourgeois hacks who don\u2019t grasp this have complained that this budget is \u201csending mixed signals\u201d and it is a \u201cmissed opportunity.\u201d China is the prime example of a big country that achieved fast growth (with deplorable environmental recklessness and hard to contain corruption) using directive state policy \u2013 the word dirigisme is used by folks familiar with these things. A day after the World Cup finals Modi was in Brazil with Russian, Chinese and South African leaders. Each case is different, but all have one thing in common; the state must lead and direct economic growth. One sees this, albeit to a lesser degree in other developing poor economies as well. If the Indian economy is to grow briskly it will have to be state guided or state-led capitalism. Oh yes with \u2018Indian features\u2019; funny we need to mouth these nonsense phrases for the sake of political correctness.<\/p>\n<p>Yes I am reading a lot into one event, the budget. Yes I am aware that my position that the Modi-BJP government will be compelled to compromise and adopt a mixed-economic model with substantial state management and even state participation, contradicts market minded wisdom. Shallow analysts and bourgeois hacks have explained, ad nauseam for three months, that \u201cModi\u2019s economic model will be different\u201d; that \u201cthe private sector will take control, drive processes and determine the character of the economy\u201d. They fail to take account of the strength of Indian populism (and democracy) and they have ignored the reality that the BJP, no less than Congress, is through and through a populist party. You don\u2019t agree? Let\u2019s wait and see; how many bottles of single-malt are you prepared to wager?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_128011\" style=\"width: 367px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-128011\" class=\"size-full wp-image-128011\" alt=\"The twenty-three person cabinet of the world\u2019s most populous  democracy with responsibility for a country of 1.2 billion people. (Ministers of State not shown) \" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD.jpg\" width=\"357\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD.jpg 357w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/KD-300x246.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-128011\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The twenty-three person cabinet of the world\u2019s most populous<br \/>democracy with responsibility for a country of 1.2 billion people.<br \/>(Ministers of State not shown)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Indian democracy is robust and devastation of the environment will be resisted by armies of Arundathi Roys, who will, I trust, win most of their battles. As India gets richer, say as rich as China, I am hopeful that the power of democratic polity will curb graft more effectively than in the Middle Kingdom. It is not unreasonable to be confident of India\u2019s future. However, Indian democracy has its work cut out. Modi is already being roasted by critics for: (i) making Amit Shah BJP Chairman though his is out on bail on a murder charge, (ii) appointing Mukhul Rohtagi, the attorney for big companies in the huge telecoms scam, Attorney General, (iii) blocking the appointment of Gopal Sumbrmanium to the Supreme Court by wrongful procedures, (iv)\u00a0 illegally appointing Nripendra Misra as secretary in the Prime Minister\u2019s Office, and (v) covering up for education minister Smriti Irani filing a false affidavit about her educational qualifications, a criminal offence. This man must be restrained before he degenerates into another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Mahinda+Rajapaksa&amp;x=8&amp;y=5\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajapakse<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>India\u2019s long-term economic (and political) prospects are more assured than Lanka\u2019s for the reason that its political leadership, most of the time since 1948, has been serious about its business \u2013 admittedly the outgoing Congress government, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Manmohan+Singh&amp;x=6&amp;y=8\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Manmohan Singh<\/span><\/a> notwithstanding, was a failure. Here in Lanka, at least in recent years, miserable-we have suffered a bunch of buffoons, lining their pockets, abusing the power of incumbency, and stoking base rabble passions to hang on to office. Over there they have one cabinet minister for every 52 million people, here in Lanka we groan under the yolk of some 40 political dabblers in cabinet (I have lost count) for a population of 21 million. Is this not symptomatic of waste, amateurishness and rank lack of probity?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":48911,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-128010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Politically-Cautious Growth-Oriented Indian Budget - Colombo Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/politically-cautious-growth-oriented-indian-budget\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Politically-Cautious Growth-Oriented Indian Budget - 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