{"id":178073,"date":"2017-05-29T19:32:02","date_gmt":"2017-05-29T14:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=178073"},"modified":"2017-06-02T12:22:30","modified_gmt":"2017-06-02T06:52:30","slug":"a-new-form-of-anti-muslim-terrorism-in-sri-lanka-what-is-to-be-done","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/a-new-form-of-anti-muslim-terrorism-in-sri-lanka-what-is-to-be-done\/","title":{"rendered":"A New Form Of Anti-Muslim Terrorism In Sri Lanka: What Is To Be Done?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><strong>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Laksiri+Fernando\">Laksiri Fernando<\/a> &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_92325\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Laksiri-Fernando.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-92325\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-92325\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Laksiri-Fernando-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Laksiri-Fernando-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Laksiri-Fernando-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-92325\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Laksiri Fernando<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The incidents at present appear geographically scattered. But things can get concentrated and escalated into larger proportions, if stern action is not taken soon to apprehend the instigators. This is important as addressing the flood emergency and the devastation caused by this natural disaster and the administrative neglect, with all heartfelt sympathy to all flood victims.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The pattern of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Anti-Muslim+Campaign\">recent attacks<\/a> against Mosques and Muslim-owned businesses shows those are not a reflection of any resentment from the ordinary people, but organized action by extremist religious and nationalist groups. The danger however is that the things can get quite viral and the instigators can recruit larger groups and influence others to behave in the same manner. The conditions inside the country and overseas might work in favour of them, if rapid action is not taken to control the situation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">There are clear indications and evidence for the direct involvement of the Bodu Bala Sena (Buddhist Force Army &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=BBS\">BBS<\/a>) and its leader, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Galagoda+Atte+Gnanasara\">Galagoda Atte Gnanasara<\/a>. It is difficult for me to call him Venerable, Thero or consider him as a proper Buddhist monk. It appears to be a small group of his followers who go around the country, attacking the Muslims and their places of worship and businesses. His direct involvement in several of these incidents, including the attack on the Kurunegala mosque, is very clear. The most recent attack on a Muslim shop was in the town of Kahawatte in the Ratnapura district last week (22 May), before the floods came in, and it was burnt to the ground according to the reports. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Is it Terrorism? <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Why it is terrorism and a new form of terrorism? It is true that the United Nations have so far not been able to come up with a comprehensive definition of terrorism due to disagreements among the member states. However, the Security Council resolution 1566 (2004) gives a fair description of what is terrorism as \u201cany action\u2026by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a Government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Let us for a moment forget about whether the BBS intends to \u2018compel the government to do or to abstain from doing any action.\u2019 But it is very clear that \u2018by its nature and context, the BBS actions intimidate the Muslim population in Sri Lanka.\u2019 It is not only \u2018intimidation.\u2019 But already they have been harmed and their properties destroyed, in addition to threatening them from practicing their religion. The latter is about \u2018religious freedom\u2019 guaranteed as a fundamental right in Sri Lanka\u2019s constitution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Article 10 under Fundamental Rights of the Constitution guarantees, as it says, \u201cEvery person is entitled to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice.\u201d It is this fundamental right of the Muslims that is violated through vilification of that religion by Gnanasara and attacks on Mosques and religious places by his BBS supporters.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The US Code of Federal Regulation 28 gives a more precise definition on terrorism than the present UN description. As it defines, \u201c<\/span><span class=\"s1\">The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.\u201d This is the definition which was used in proscribing the LTTE as terrorist in the United States which was overwhelmingly hailed by Sri Lanka. The same meaning could be applied in defining the BBS activities in Sri Lanka as terrorism. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The BBS\u2019s use of force and violence is not aimed at the government, like in the case of the LTTE. Not yet. More repugnantly, it is aimed at a \u2018civilian population.\u2019 That is one reason why it is a new form of terrorism, which shows early symptoms of a neo-fascist movement. Many neo-fascist movements, Klu Klux Klan as an example, emerged not attacking the governments but attacking the hated civilian populations. The Muslims at present is an easy target, because of the \u2018Islam\u2019 related terrorist activities internationally. Paradoxically, the BBS is also the ideological mirror image of the Islamic State (IS) terrorists or Taliban in the Middle East. The BBS led by Gnanasara has more similarities with the 969 Movement led by Ashin Wirathu in Myanmar (Burma).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">It is also a new form of terrorism, because it is organized not in a military fashion or as a tightly knit organization, but a loose association of several groups, with a leader at the helm to propagate \u2018intense hatred.\u2019 The groups associated are Sinhala Ravaya, Ravana Balaya, Sinhale, Mahason Balaya and Sinhala Jathika Balaya (SJB); the BBS acting as the umbrella organization. They all have the \u2018ideology of terrorism,\u2019 as I defined in the last article (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/manchester-carnage-and-the-need-to-combat-terrorism-all-forms-of-violence\/\"><i>Manchester Carnage and the Need to Combat Terrorism<\/i><\/a>\u201d), that contains, in addition to \u2018intense hatred,\u2019 an \u2018urge for destruction and will to sacrifice.\u2019 <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The government and the law enforcement organizations particularly should be careful about the latter aspect as some of the activists might soon resort to self-immolation. They are fanatics and \u2018true believers.\u2019 However, at these early stages, if the leader\/s can be arrested and convicted for the crimes committed, the movement can be effectively curtailed. Inaction otherwise can lead to a bigger monster.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Recent Attacks <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">There have been 12 attacks since mid-April on Mosques, Muslim owned shops and villagers, as shown by the following table.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Attacks-against-Muslims-in-Sri-Lanka-.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-178075\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Attacks-against-Muslims-in-Sri-Lanka-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"892\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Attacks-against-Muslims-in-Sri-Lanka-.jpg 892w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Attacks-against-Muslims-in-Sri-Lanka--300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Attacks-against-Muslims-in-Sri-Lanka--768x336.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><em><span class=\"s1\">Source:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/yahapalanaya-unleashes-rabid-dogs\/\">Hilmy Ahamed \u2013 Colombo Telegraph\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Of course, the accuracy of the incidents is not yet verified. However, it is up to the Police to do so. Even if there are inaccuracies about the extent, the incidence cannot be denied and the patterns are clear. As the above table shows, there have been repeated attacks on the same place; very clearly showing the inaction of the area police. Therefore, on the part of the government the creation of the \u2018special police for hate crimes\u2019 is a welcome move. However, this should not lead to the inaction of the area police on the pretext that there is a \u2018new branch\u2019 or special police.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Prior to the above attacks, there had been a pattern of instigation by the BBS and its leader, Galagoda Atte Gnanasara. The initial focus has been at Irrakamam in the Ampara district where they have a strong support base in the adjacent area. Irrakamam however is predominantly a Muslim area. There had been landgrabs, under the pretext of a dispute which should have been resolved through law courts or official channels. That was in mid-April. Gnanasara has visited the area and reportedly made provocative statements against the Muslims and their faith. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">It is also under his patronage that Vesak celebrations had been held in this Muslim area on the 10<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> of May. It is during the same period that the BBS propagated that the Muslim refugees are coming from Myanmar and the local Muslims are supporting them for further colonization. During Onegama (Polonnaruwa) attacks, Gnanasara is reportedly been present. Another repeated provocation has been to insult the Allah \u2013 Subhanahu Wa ta\u2019ala (meaning the most glorified, the most-high). There is substantial evidence\/information for the above incidents. The BBS has been acting as if to invite IS terrorism in Sri Lanka. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Morally Repugnant <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The BBS propaganda and activities in Sri Lanka are morally repugnant in predominantly a Buddhist country. It is difficult to imagine how Buddhism is used to propagate hatred and violently attack another religion for narrow \u2018ethnic\u2019 or sectarian reasons. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s3\">As the King Dharma Asoka declared in his Edict XII, \u201c<i>There should be growth in the essentials of all religions. <\/i><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><i>Growth in essentials can be done in different ways, but all of them have as their root restraint in speech, that is, not praising one&#8217;s own religion, or condemning the religion of others without good cause. And if there is cause for criticism, it should be done in a mild way.\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">What is most relevant and applicable in the case of Sri Lanka is the following. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><i>\u201cBut it is better to honour other religions for this reason. By so doing, one&#8217;s own religion benefits, and so do other religions, while doing otherwise harms one&#8217;s own religion and the religions of others. Whoever praises his own religion, due to excessive devotion, and condemns others with the thought &#8220;Let me glorify my own religion,&#8221; only harms his own religion.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"> (\u2018The Edicts of King Asoka,\u2019 https:\/\/www.cs.colostate.edu\/~malaiya\/ashoka.html)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">It is hard to believe that Gnanasara\u2019s cause is a religious cause. He does not engage in any meaningful criticism or discourse other than insults and abuse. His demeanour is violent. If he or anyone wants to air doctrinal differences, that can be done in decent writing. As the good king Asoka said, \u2018if there is cause for criticism, it should be done in a mild way.\u2019 That does not preclude the \u2018freedom of criticism.\u2019 But it should not be vilification of other religions. This distinction does not appear to be clear for many people in Sri Lanka unfortunately. This is the same in human rights. \u2018Freedom of criticism,\u2019 anyway is not burning Muslim shops and attacking Mosques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">It is rather farcical that the BBS representatives had lodged complaints before the Human Rights Commission. If that is to safeguard any atrocity on the part of the police, in the process of arresting him, then he should appear before a Magistrate and surrender. He should give up and face the rule of law. The fact of the matter is that the police and the law enforcement authorities have been quite lenient on Gnanasara and the BBS so far. He has reportedly been there on the 21<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>st<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> May during the Mosque attack in Kurunegala. But he was not arrested. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The National Task\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The police hierarchy may or may not be culpable of directly protecting the BBS. But they must be at east confused or influenced by the same propaganda and prejudices against the ordinary Muslims and the business people. These have been long standing in the country. In early 20<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> century, many of the Piyadasa Sirisena\u2019s novels used to propagate these prejudices. I myself have experienced my neighbours at Peradeniya in the 1970\/80s harbouring these prejudices and antipathy against the Muslims or their businesses. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">But previously, I have also experienced the Sinhala Buddhists and the Muslims amicably coexisting in Moratuwa-Horetuduwa area during my childhood. Therefore, it is a mixed situation or a deterioration of a previous situation. There can be a possibility that the way some of the Muslims conduct businesses is distasteful to some Sinhala businessmen. But that is not a reason to attack and burn their shops and businesses. The reasons can be competition or envy. This is where the rule of law should prevail. The misunderstandings or even prejudices should be matters for the much-declared National Reconciliation efforts\/programme to address. The Muslims also have a role to play in this endeavour. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Sri Lanka cannot go on like this. After major attacks in June 2014 at Aluthgama, there were all indications that the BBS was planning to celebrate the centenary of the 1915 \u2018Sinhala-Muslim\u2019 riots in 2015. What prevented this catastrophe was the change of government and the political situation. Therefore, the present government has a major responsibility to sustain and stabilize the situation. One part of the last government is one part of the present government. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">The events during April and May are quite disturbing and detrimental to national unity and harmony. These should be curtailed not under an iron fist, as some would argue, but under the rule of law. There should be national consensus going beyond party politics and bringing all parties\/sections together as much as possible. It is difficult to imagine any democratic party or formation would conscientiously approve what is conducted by the BBS. At least that is the expressed position\/s of all democratic parties. Therefore, that potential should be utilized to the full extent. There are parties (i.e. left) even in the Joint Opposition that should be mobilized against the BBS\u2019 xenophobic activities.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">There is much discussion on the issues of national security these days. The most dangerous threat to national security, both internally and externally, at present is religious disharmony and conflict in the country. These issues warrant a special parliamentary debate with the objective of achieving common consensus in curtailing the situation. This is equally important as flood relief activities and assistance to the victims. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":92325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-178073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A New Form Of Anti-Muslim Terrorism In Sri Lanka: What Is To Be Done?\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/a-new-form-of-anti-muslim-terrorism-in-sri-lanka-what-is-to-be-done\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A New Form Of Anti-Muslim Terrorism In Sri Lanka: What Is To Be Done?\u00a0 - 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