{"id":179923,"date":"2017-07-16T00:00:45","date_gmt":"2017-07-15T18:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=179923"},"modified":"2017-07-19T23:57:03","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T18:27:03","slug":"canadas-141-years-old-skeleton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/canadas-141-years-old-skeleton\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada\u2019s 141 Years Old Skeleton"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>By\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Rajeewa+Jayaweera\">Rajeewa Jayaweera<\/a> &#8211;<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_168110\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Rajeewa-Jayaweera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-168110\" class=\"size-full wp-image-168110\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Rajeewa-Jayaweera.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Rajeewa-Jayaweera.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Rajeewa-Jayaweera-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-168110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rajeewa Jayaweera<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Canada celebrated its 150<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> anniversary of Confederation on July 01, 2017. <\/span><span class=\"s3\">Canadian Confederation\u00a0was the process by which <\/span><span class=\"s1\">British colonies of \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Province_of_Canada\"><span class=\"s4\">Canada<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nova_Scotia\"><span class=\"s4\">Nova Scotia<\/span><\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Brunswick\"><span class=\"s4\">New Brunswick<\/span><\/a>\u00a0united into one\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominion\"><span class=\"s4\">Dominion<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\"><span class=\"s4\">Canada<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on July 1, 1867. Over the years since Confederation, Canada has seen numerous territorial changes and expansions, resulting in the current union of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada\"><span class=\"s4\">ten provinces and three territories<\/span><\/a>. Canada is a federation and not a confederate association of sovereign states, which &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confederation\"><span class=\"s4\">confederation<\/span><\/a>&#8221; means\u00a0in modern political terminology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The indigenous population of present day Canada are known as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Nations\"><span class=\"s4\">First Nations<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inuit\"><span class=\"s4\">Inuit<\/span><\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%25C3%25A9tis_people_(Canada)\"><span class=\"s4\">M\u00e9tis<\/span><\/a>. First Nations are those peoples who historically lived in North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, below the Arctic. Inuit historically lived along the coastal edge and on the islands of Canada\u2019s far north. The M\u00e9tis descend from the historical joining of First Nations members and Europeans. The three groups each have their own culture, based largely on the environment they traditionally inhabited.\u00a0The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Population_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\"><span class=\"s4\">indigenous population<\/span><\/a>\u00a0at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000\u00a0and two million,\u00a0with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Commission_on_Aboriginal_Peoples\"><span class=\"s4\">Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples<\/span><\/a>. Canada&#8217;s indigenous peoples suffered from repeated outbreaks of newly introduced infectious diseases, such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Influenza\"><span class=\"s4\">influenza<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Measles\"><span class=\"s4\">measles<\/span><\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox\"><span class=\"s4\">smallpox<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(to which they had no natural immunity), believed to result in a forty to eighty percent population decrease in the centuries after the European arrival.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Europeans started arriving, commencing with Italian seafarer John Cabot in 1497 under the commission of King Henry VII of England followed by the Basque and Portuguese mariners in the early 16<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> century and French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1534.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>In 1583, Sir\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphrey_Gilbert\"><span class=\"s4\">Humphrey Gilbert<\/span><\/a>, by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_prerogative\"><span class=\"s4\">royal prerogative<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elizabeth_I_of_England\"><span class=\"s4\">Queen Elizabeth I<\/span><\/a>, founded\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._John%2527s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\"><span class=\"s4\">St. John&#8217;s, Newfoundland<\/span><\/a>, as the first North American\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colonial_empire_of_the_Kingdom_of_England\"><span class=\"s4\">English colony<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0French explorer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_de_Champlain\"><span class=\"s4\">Samuel de Champlain<\/span><\/a>\u00a0arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent European settlements at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Royal,_Annapolis_County,_Nova_Scotia\"><span class=\"s4\">Port Royal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(in 1605) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec_City\"><span class=\"s4\">Quebec City<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(in 1608).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Al Jazeera, Doha based media network, after extensive research, produced a documentary titled \u2018Canada\u2019s Dark Secret\u2019, giving details of a program by Canada\u2019s predominantly white majority government to assimilate the aborigine children into the dominant Euro Canadian and Christian culture.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>The program begins thus;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cIn 1876, the Canadian government under the leadership of its first Prime Minister John A Macdonald, passed The Indian Act. This legislation was a blueprint for controlling, administering and assimilating Canada\u2019s indigenous population.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Shortly after, the government established \u2018residential schools\u2019 to Christianize and \u2018civilize\u2019 it\u2019s indigenous citizens. The government funded the boarding schools and tasked various churches to turn them. For over a century, 150,000 indigenous children were separated from their parents and placed in these education centers. The last of the schools closed in 1996\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Under this program, residential schools were set up by the Canadian government to be administered by churches. The objective was to erase the \u2018uncivilized\u2019 culture of the indigenous population without a trace and replace it with a \u2018civilized\u2019 European culture, values and Christianity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Selected aborigine children were taken away from their parents and admitted to residential schools. No further contact with parents was permitted. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) staff were often used by the government to pick up indigenous children and transport them to residential schools. Parents who resisted the removal of their children were fined or jailed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">&#8220;At the time, I didn&#8217;t like the idea of taking kids away from their family and it bothered me,&#8221; says Ron Short, a former RCMP officer.<\/span> <span class=\"s1\">According to the report, many officers still live with feelings of regret over what their government did and the role they were made to play in it.<\/span><span class=\"s6\"> \u201c<\/span><span class=\"s1\">I&#8217;m ashamed to say I&#8217;m Canadian because of what my government has done.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Once in a residential school, children spoke only English and wore only western clothes. Christianity became their faith by default. Discipline was military style. Everything was a line up; meals, showers, school, church, to name a few.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Bud Whiteye, a survivor of the Mohawk Institute Residential School, was &#8220;picked up&#8221; and taken to the school along with four other children as they walked along a public road to visit his grandmother. Whiteye elaborated, \u201cThey didn\u2019t put us in a room and indoctrinate us all day long or anything like that,\u201d he explains. \u201cIt was in the routine of the place. You didn&#8217;t speak anything but English. You went to the white man&#8217;s school. You went to the white man&#8217;s church. You wore white men\u2019s clothes. All those were built in. It wasn&#8217;t a classroom-type lecture. It was ingrained in the system. I worked on a farm so long that I picked up a certain discipline for hard work, to get me where I&#8217;m going.&#8221; <\/span><span class=\"s5\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">Denalda is also a residential school survivor. She cannot remember how she arrived at the school, only that she was there for some part of her childhood. She was also a witness to abuse at her residential school &#8211; abuse that may have resulted in the death of a friend.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">&#8220;I met this older girl who kind of took care of me when I was growing up. She was going to ask her mother to come and take me home to be her little sister,&#8221; Denalda recalls. &#8220;But it didn&#8217;t happen because\u00a0she got hurt. She got hurt bad. I think somebody hit her against a tree.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">The education provided at such residential schools was by no means ideal. Emphasis was in manual labor such as agriculture. Higher studies were probably meant for the privileged and \u2018civilized\u2019 white Canadian Christian \u2018majority\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The last rehabilitation school was closed in 1996. Since then, details of Canada\u2019s racist past have slowly begun to come to light. Abuse &#8211; mental, physical and sexual &#8211; was rife and, although research and statistics vary, it is estimated that 6,000 children died in these schools. Some evidence puts the casualties at three times that number.\u00a0In mid 1990s, Canadian courts ruled in favor of victims suing the Canadian government for compensation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">132 years after the enactment of the Indian Act, the Canadian government, in 2008, launched the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which finally enabled survivors to give their testimonies on life in the residential schools. The TRC, after gathering testimony from thousands of former inmates of rehabilitation schools over a period of six years have now put together programs for healing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, in his message on the occasion of Canada\u2019s 150<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> Confederation Day on July 01 stated \u201c\u201cAs we mark Canada 150, we also recognize that for many, today is not an occasion for celebration. Indigenous Peoples in this country have faced oppression for centuries. As a society, we must acknowledge and apologize for past wrongs, and chart a path forward for the next 150 years \u2013 one in which we continue to build our nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown, and government-to-government relationship with the First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis Nation\u201d, hardly an acknowledgement, let alone an apology to a People, for 150 years of oppression.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The Canadian Tamil community in Toronto paid tribute to Canada during Confederate Day celebrations with a <\/span><span class=\"s7\">spectacular red and white maple leaf flag formation in Toronto<\/span><span class=\"s8\">.<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> It was a Bharathanatyam performance by 1,100 dancers and 150 singers, organized by <\/span><span class=\"s7\">Canadian Tamil Arts and Cultural Organization<\/span><span class=\"s1\">. They are a community who fled \u2018Sinhala Racism\u2019 in Sri Lanka and made Canada their new home, a nation known to welcome migrants of all shades and color. Nevertheless, they need be aware of \u2018Canadian Racism\u2019, suffered by the indigenous peoples of Canada for over a century. Some of the notorious \u2018residential schools\u2019 were in operation at the time many of them, fleeing \u2018Sinhala Racism\u2019, arrived in Canada.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The Canadian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka Shelly Whiting took a principled stand and boycotted the Victory Parade in 2014, organized by GoSL. In a statement issued to <em>the Island<\/em>, she stated; \u201cfive years after the end of the conflict, the time has arrived for Sri Lanka to move past wartime discourse and to start working seriously towards reconciliation. It is time to mend relations between communities and to ensure that all Sri Lankans can live in dignity and free from discrimination based on ethnic, religious or linguistic identities. Fathers and daughters, sons and mothers, all were victims, who were killed or never returned home at the end of the conflict.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">There are many traumatized <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Nations\"><span class=\"s4\">First Nations<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inuit\"><span class=\"s4\">Inuit<\/span><\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%25C3%25A9tis_people_(Canada)\"><span class=\"s4\">M\u00e9tis<\/span><\/a> \u2018fathers and daughters, sons and mothers\u2019 who were \u2018separated and never returned\u2019 to their parents. Some were killed. To celebrate 150<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> anniversary of Confederation, the formal commencement of the subjugation of indigenous peoples of the land, both in Canada and its embassies overseas, to say the least is hypocritical.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Two wrongs do not make it right. Yet, there is a saying, \u2018those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Readers interested in viewing <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>\u2019s documentary \u2018Canada\u2019s dark secret\u2019 may do so by clicking <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/programmes\/specialseries\/2017\/01\/%20canada-dark-secret-170130091149080.html\">here<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":168110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-179923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - 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