{"id":184621,"date":"2017-11-22T08:24:53","date_gmt":"2017-11-22T02:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=184621"},"modified":"2017-11-22T08:46:05","modified_gmt":"2017-11-22T03:16:05","slug":"swrd-jrj-wijeweera-three-leaders-who-fundamentally-changed-sri-lanka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/swrd-jrj-wijeweera-three-leaders-who-fundamentally-changed-sri-lanka\/","title":{"rendered":"SWRD, JRJ & Wijeweera: Three Leaders Who Fundamentally Changed Sri Lanka!"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Vishwamithra<\/a> –<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Example is not the main thing in influencing others. It is the only thing.”\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/span>~Albert Schweitzer<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

SWRD<\/p><\/div>\n

The influence of Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (SWRD), Junius Richard Jayewardene (JR) and Rohana Wijeweera (Wijeweera) on the local political theatre is unmatchable. The great puppeteers of local political minds, they excelled in their chosen field and when they entered the arena, the aura that emanated from their physical statures, albeit SWRD and Wijeweera being slight and unimpressive while JR was all persona and impeccable stature, the collective impression on the psyche of Sri Lanka\u2019s politics and the altered course it instilled in the course of the country\u2019s history is undeniable.<\/span><\/p>\n

In their presence, other political personalities withered; whether the effect is one of positive results or negative consequence of a policy gone bad, the lasting quality of their policies, the assuredness of their unmitigated commitment to the cause they chose to serve made them stand apart from the rest amongst whom were some other brilliant personalities who strove so hard yet did not achieve the lasting and enduring results of political giants. SWRD, JR and Wijeweera stood apart like three Generals who had relegated the commanding presence of the likes of N M Perera, Colvin R de Silva, Peter Kuenaman, Dudley Senanayake, R Premadasa, Lalith Athulathmudali, Gamini Dissanayake, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, S J V Chelvanayakam and Velupullai Prabhakaran to a not-so-great category. Visionaries of a unique genre, the three giants stamped their impression for posterity not only for its own sake, but for the country to follow and not so at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n

At this juncture of this column, let the reader be warned, especially in the context of Sri Lanka\u2019s post-Independence politics, how dare would Prabhakaran and Chelvanayakam enter the same arena which had been sanctified by the Sinhalese Buddhist \u2018good guys\u2019?. One may or may not agree with the policies, tactics and strategies of Chelvanayakam and Prabhakaran. But the influence they exercised over their own people was beyond dispute. A thirty-year war could not have been sustained had they been less influential and less consequential. But however much these second category of politicians gained a foothold on the Sri Lanka\u2019s path to modernization and economic salvation, none could do so with such lasting measure as it was demonstrated by SWRD, JR and Wijeweera, individually as well as collectively.<\/span><\/p>\n

SWRD at the time he realized that there was no path for him within the ranks of the United National Party and its leader D S Senanayake, he made one of the most fundamentally sound decisions to leave it and go on his own. Not only did he opt to break with the UNP and its heavy baggage of colonial subservience, he cleared a very savvy way for a novel brand of \u2018identity politics\u2019 of the time. Political tribalism was in fact introduced by SWRD in 1956. His Swabhasha slogan, given leadership to by the Maha Sanga of the likes of Mapitigama Buddharakkhitha, Chief of the Kelaniya Vihara and eventual conspirator of his assassination, set apart the Sinhalese Buddhists from the rest of the country. This was a fundamentally significant landmark in the country\u2019s course of socio-political life. Setting the common man apart from the rest, setting him as a victim of years-long suppression and negligence, rendering him a distinct personality and identifying him in terms of socio-economic values and then unleashing his thereto suppressed desires, class-enmities and parochial beliefs, if not checked at necessary intervals and junctions, could be devastating and destructive.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

JR<\/p><\/div>\n

SWRD was a man who was assassinated by the very forces he willingly released. In mere three years, the heroic entry of the common man\u2019s era became somewhat an unwelcome torrential rain of misplaced and misjudged values and measures. Political power assuming all-powerful dimensions and becoming a dangerous tool in the hands of an uneducated and checkered individuals had had consequential effects and cascading of these tendencies down generations have today produced a totally corrupt culture. In the context of a nation\u2019s march to progress and growth, provision of a \u2018place in the sun\u2019 for the common man is a highly creditworthy ideal and those who pursue such an ideal should be encouraged. Yet when such a pursuit is glaring at the defilement of values and measures that set Sri Lankan culture as one rich and wealthy in religious and ethnic harmony, the story becomes completely disfigured and warped. The common man has become his own enemy. The lofty ideals he had set for himself have been subordinated to avarice and pursuit of mundane pleasures. <\/span><\/p>\n

While the common man\u2019s social standing has risen way above his expectations, the Swabhasha policies of the government of SWRD set the country\u2019s most precious assets, youth, two or three generations behind his contemporaries in the Asian region. The 1956 revolution became a transformation of a nation from bad to worse instead of good to better.<\/span><\/p>\n

JR, on the other hand, had a very difficult hand to deal with. On merit alone, J R should have become the country\u2019s leader after the demise of D S Senanayake. Yet he had to wait another twenty five years to ascend to the throne. From 1952 to 1977, the road that led JR to the pinnacle of power was visited with more cacti than roses. Yet when he arrived there, in Benjamin Disraeli\u2019s immortal words: “after having climbed to the top of the greasy pole”, JR, in the words of his own biographer, K M de Silva, was an old man in a hurry. Disenfranchisement of Sirimavo Bandaranaike, though at the time of its execution looked draconian and self-serving, was the logical outcome of a legitimate findings of a Special Presidential Commission established for the purpose of finding the truths about gross abuse of political powers so exercised by the two Bandaranaikes, Sirimavo and Felix Dias. Yet JR\u2019s greatest contribution to the country\u2019s progress was the opening of the economy which was manacled by the shortsighted socialist policies of the Sirimavo Bandaranaike-led left-of-center government of \u201970 \u2013 \u201977. <\/span><\/p>\n

As much as SWRD\u2019s Swabhasha policies turned the national consciousness of Sri Lanka, JR\u2019s economic policies fundamentally changed its economic character. It\u2019s never to return to the outdated left-wing socialism that was the fashion of the third-world countries of the fifties and sixties. The socio-political currents unleashed by SWRD and JR respectively had plusses as well as minuses. It\u2019s too early to judge their ultimate effect on the history of the country at large. As leaders of a developing nation, both SWRD and JR made a conscious effort to serve the country they called their motherland and there is no evidence whatsoever of malicious intent on their part. Their commitment to the cause they chose to serve was total; their efforts untiring and while SWRD was lackadaisical in his execution, JR exhibited ruthless efficiency. When JR got down to work, one could not have found a more disciplined leader.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Wijeweera<\/p><\/div>\n

Now we come to the third leader who contributed to a fundamental change in Sri Lanka\u2019s political psyche- Rohana Wijeweera.\u00a0 <\/span>Born on Bastille Day, July 14, 1943, Rohana Wijeweera hailed from a coastal fishing village situated in southern Sri Lanka and belonged to the Karava caste hierarchy.\u00a0 <\/span>By way of five oversimplified classes, Wijeweera transformed the minds of the rural youth into angry young men and women bent on revolutionizing the county\u2019s political path for good. Violent overthrow of a democratically elected government did not occupy the mind of the average youth in Sri Lanka. Wijeweera simply managed to alter that dynamic and his pioneering efforts in the formative years of his creation, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) are legendary. Long before Prabhakaran initiated his own Tamil militancy in the North, Wijeweera showed in no scarce terms that the mind of youth is very much prone to the vagaries of violent and exhibitionistic propensities. Within a matter of twenty three years, from 1966 to 1989, Wijeweera launched two violent uprisings, killing hundreds of political opponents and instilling dread and fear into the minds of a docile community whose most violent reaction to government suppression up to that time was a failed Hartal and countless general strikes at work places. An archetypical speaker in the vernacular, Wijeweera had no match in mob oratory; the flow of the language mesmerized thousands of activists and they literally sacrificed their lives for this man whose untiring dedication to the cause of the suppressed masses was never a subject of debate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wijeweera stirred the conscience of Sri Lanka\u2019s youth. A sense of romanticism entered the realm of the nation\u2019s politics and that romanticism captured not only the youth, it left an indelible legacy among the middle-aged, lower middle-class men and women. His oratorical skills were equaled by none. He pioneered a movement that led the country\u2019s youth in a violent revolutionary fervor. His contribution to modern Sri Lanka\u2019s history is undoubtedly unique and fundamental. Of the three leaders we discussed here, two, SWRD and Wijeweera, were educated abroad; SWRD at Oxford and Wijeweera at the Patrice Lumumba University, Soviet Union. JR was a total local product, Royal College, University of Ceylon and Law College. The two who were educated abroad advocated left-wing political theories while the local-educated JR promulgated capitalism. SWRD and Wijeweera were assassinated, one by a Buddhist monk and the other by the security forces of the country. JR died in bed, at the ripe-old age of 90.<\/span><\/p>\n

The writer can be contacted at vishwamithra1984@gmail.com<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em> \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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