{"id":185055,"date":"2017-12-03T00:02:13","date_gmt":"2017-12-02T18:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=185055"},"modified":"2017-12-05T23:11:01","modified_gmt":"2017-12-05T17:41:01","slug":"zimbabwe-remembrance-of-things-past-future-prospects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/zimbabwe-remembrance-of-things-past-future-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimbabwe: Remembrance Of Things Past &#038; Future Prospects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Kumar+David\">Kumar David<\/a> &#8211;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_157865\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-157865\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-157865\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Kumar-David-Colombo-Telegraph-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-157865\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prof. Kumar David<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">The First-Cause Of Zimbabwe\u2019s Downfall Was Tribal Conflict In The 1980s:\u00a0Remembrance Of Things Past And Future Prospects<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">&#8220;Every beast of the earth and every fowl of the air, and everything that creepeth upon the air, wherein there if life . . . and it was very good&#8221; ~<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><i>Genesis 1; 30-31 <\/i>(Abbreviated)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"> If you ask my family what was the happiest period of their lives you may get varied answers; but if you were to insist on a collective view, the three years (July 1980 to July 1983) in Zimbabwe will come out the consensus winner. Climate, environment, ambience, the high (4500ft) Southern African Plateau, it\u2019s the nearest you will find to the Garden of Eden. It was a breadbasket. Its corn harvest, plentiful in Rhodesia and early <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Zimbabwe\">Zimbabwe<\/a> days, fed its people with food to spare for its northern and eastern neighbours Zambia and Mozambique. Its dairy products were abundant and the choicest beef was smuggled on rogue Rhodesian flights to Europe throughout the UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence) period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">UDI (1970-1980) was a when white power prevailed. Blacks through disenfranchised and excluded from government were not illtreated or beaten as in apartheid South Africa next door. They were second class but healthy, well-fed and treated tolerably. A kind of modern feudalism prevailed. Blacks were mostly poor farmers or workers, whites the boss-class. The relationship was akin to that between a benevolent master and a loyal domestic helper in a British Raj household.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_185059\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-185059\" class=\"wp-image-185059 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Sathiyagnams-\u2013-circa-1995-128x86.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-185059\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sathiyagnams \u2013 circa 2003<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">The source of exploitation was land. The white settler community owned the choicest lands; blacks were agricultural labourers, farmed marginal plots or worked in mines. It was on this semi-feudal latifundia (great landed estate) model that Rhodesian farming and animal husbandry thrived. Whites argued that locals were too backward to farm efficiently and if lands were fragmented output would collapse. The devastation of the breadbasket was not because land was redistributed to small farmers; no, the best was grabbed and stripped by crooked ruling-party cronies.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>Marginal unirrigated land went to peasants but withered for want of support structures. Land reform is now irreversible; new ways to go forward have to be worked out. Indigenisation in business and employment, like <i>bhumiputhra <\/i>a pseudonym for discrimination in favour of locals, is also here to stay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>The irresistible call of Africa<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><em><span class=\"s2\">Yesterday a majestic canvas devoid of life <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><em><span class=\"s2\">Today, overflowing, a palette gorged with colours rife<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p10\"><em><span class=\"s2\">The cycle begins anew; the Serengeti awakes to thrive. ~\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong>Adapted from <i>The Rain <\/i>by Trisha Sugarek<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_185061\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-185061\" class=\"size-full wp-image-185061\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Harlens-Late-1970s-45x45.jpg 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-185061\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harlens (late 1970s)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">I was the first black employed by the prestigious Faculty of Engineering of the University. My letter of appointment, on elegant University of Rhodesia letterhead, arrived soon after the Lancaster House settlement granting Rhodesia independence and majority rule. When we landed, the country was Zimbabwe; Salisbury was Harare; and Mugabe was prime minister. ZANU had won the February 1980 election by a landslide. We did not face a trace of hostility \u2013 there were already a few staff members of Indian origin in the university who were excellently integrated. Professor Richard Harlen, my head of department, a charming fellow, and warm-hearted Logan Pakkiri in Economics and their lovely families befriended us. Then Sathi (Gnapragasam Sathiagnam) \u2013 what a character &#8211; a Ceylonese planter in Mutare (three hundred miles away) turned up one evening.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>His family too have remained lifelong friends. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p13\"><span class=\"s2\">Sathi, Logan and Richard are firmly etched in my memory, but the good die young. All three are gone and of the quartet I alone am left to ponder the vagaries of fate. Sathi\u2019s daughters Jasmin and recently Mary Anne, Logan\u2019s wife Devi and daughter Priya and Richard\u2019s daughters Victoria and Charlotte, spread in far corners of the earth, keep in touch thanks to the Internet. It would be incomplete if I left it at that; Rohini and I had loads of other friends who helped make Zimbabwe joyful. The children Asela and Anusha (adults now \u2013 how time flies) made chums of their own. The youngest, Amrit, was a toddler; his best friends were Zaris the dog and Lucia the housemaid. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p13\"><span class=\"s2\">Were I to write a personal memoire, I could fill it with remanences of friends &#8211; Asian, white and black &#8211; wildlife parks, elephants and lions, the glorious Zambesi, stunning Victoria Falls, the lovely houses of those who had been settled long, swimming pools, gin and tonics, wine and barbecue. The life of a sahib you might say. The happy holidays on Sathi\u2019s tea estate, jaunts to lodges in wildlife parks with Logan\u2019s family, and beers with the Harlans are memories enough for a lifetime. But I must draw up my paper and turn to affairs of state before I get carried away and overrun my permitted wordcount.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Paradise Lost<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s2\">Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Heaven ~\u00a0<\/span><strong><span class=\"s2\"><i>Paradise Lost:<\/i> <i>Milton<\/i><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\">So thought Robert Gabrielle Mugabe! But Zimbabwe\u2019s original sin runs deeper. It starts prior to the old despot becoming altogether idiosyncratic, and coincidentally reaches a crescendo at the same time as Sri Lanka plunged into purgatory, July 1983, and for much the same reason; tribal strife there, racial strife in here. Maybe JR and Mugabe share a common <i>lagne<\/i>. Relations between Ndebele (10 to 15%) and majority Shona (80 to 85%) had been deteriorating even when they were united in the independence struggle of the 1980s. After that, Mugabe resorted to the abuse of state power and in 1983 sent in the military in to kill, maim, murder and rape \u2013 a familiar story? Conflict, and totalisation of power in his hands in the resolution of conflict, left Zimbabwe a chronically failed state. Estimates are that 20,000 died at the hands of Mugabe\u2019s dreaded battalions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">I had an advantage. Witness to the racial calamities of Sri Lanka I could see that history was tracking a similar trajectory; the writing was on the wall. There you have my reason for abandoning Zimbabwe and moving elsewhere. My instinct proved right, though family and friends could not comprehend it at the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"> Mugabe\u2019s tribal massacres created chaos, the mayhem was fertile ground for a reckless land grab which in turn underwrote economic collapse. Then, desperate, the regime switched to money printing. Inflation, at the worst, reached 500 billion percent (you\u2019re not misreading) and in 2009 the Z$ was abandoned and the country switched to the US$. The rest is well known; a prosperous African country with a splendid (I am not embellishing) prospects, ended up a ruined hunting ground for a mad-hatter dictator. Currently unemployment stands at a staggering 90%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Paradise Regained; perhaps<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p17\"><span class=\"s2\">A moment comes, that comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. ~\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\"><i><strong>Nehru \u2013 The Constituent Assembly; Midnight August 14-15, 1947<\/strong>.<\/i><\/span><i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s2\"> The coup that pretends it was not a coup is the outcome of three factors; economic catastrophe, conflict within ZANU-PF and fears in the military about succession. The doddering devil was planning to plant his crafty second wife Grace in power, when he croaked. Her gang was hostile to vice-president (now president) Emmerson Mnangagwa, an obstacle to her ambitions. He was driven out three weeks ago, but remained the military\u2019s blue-eyed boy. The brass was petrified that years of corruption and rights abuses would come to light if there was change at the top. A broken country was a necessary condition, a <i>sine qua non<\/i>, for this oddly constructed coup. Mnangagwa, known as the crocodile for his cunning, is cut from the same cloth as Mugabe. As security minister he directed the 1983 Ndebele massacre. He has looted farms, attacked workers and was Mugabe\u2019s henchman in the bloodbaths. It was self-defence when he sang the old dotards praises in his inaugural address!<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_185062\" style=\"width: 786px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Pakkiris-Circa-1990.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-185062\" class=\"size-full wp-image-185062\" src=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Pakkiris-Circa-1990.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"776\" height=\"611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Pakkiris-Circa-1990.jpg 776w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Pakkiris-Circa-1990-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Pakkiris-Circa-1990-768x605.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-185062\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pakkiris (circa 1990)<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">But one has to be pragmatic; the vice-president is the natural constitutional choice for interim-president, though technically, there had been a brief break in his tenure. However, the ball game has changed. There is an awakening; democratic activists and human rights fighters are alert; Mnangagwa clings like a limpet but he will have to tiptoe. He will be allowed to remain in office but his power and that of the military will be circumscribed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">Cassandra voices of gloom bemoan \u2018Nothing will change\u2019; \u2018Africa will never improve\u2019, but Zimbabwe must shun despair and dedicate itself to the uphill tasks ahead. A transitional coalition with a mandate to prepare the country for a new order, reverse ruinous economic policies, and conduct fresh elections, is desirable. However, Morgan Tsvangirai, though stricken with cancer, may prefer to keep his hands free for a presidential bid at next year\u2019s election. He was Prime Minister under Mugabe from 2009 to 2013, then, fired and the post abolished. He won a plurality (48%) in the 2008 election to Mugabe\u2019s 43%, but Mugabe and Mnangagwa unleashed fire and fury before to the runoff forcing him to cut and run. He was roundly defeated in the 2013 presidential election; his 2009-2013 prime ministerial stint with Mugabe may have been read as self-serving opportunism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">A disadvantage attending the overthrow of Mugabe is that the initiative was a military coup, not a people\u2019s uprising. Having taken power on the backs of the military can Mnangagwa function as an independent president? The dynamic is evolving; he and the military must be put on a short leash by public vigilance and the de facto one-party state and its repressive institutions dismantled. Even if Mnangagwa ducks accounting for 30 years of crime he must be held to his promise of untrammelled democracy, free and fair presidential elections next year when they are due in any case, and bold economic reforms taking the country into an investment climate beyond exclusive reliance on China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p8\"><span class=\"s2\">Wendell Phillips thought \u2018only the people\u2019s vigilance can prevent power from hardening into despotism\u2019 and Jefferson added \u2018there is no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society than the people themselves\u2019; all familiar clich\u00e9s, but there are times when it is useful to recall them.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":157865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Zimbabwe: Remembrance Of Things Past &amp; 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