{"id":208615,"date":"2020-03-16T00:58:26","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T19:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=208615"},"modified":"2020-03-21T23:58:57","modified_gmt":"2020-03-21T18:28:57","slug":"whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/","title":{"rendered":"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Ashan Nanayakkara<\/a> –<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ashan Nanayakkara<\/p><\/div>\n

In the year 1804, Napoleon became the Emperor of France, next year British concurred the Costal line of Ceylon, Slave Trade was abolished by Great Britain in 1807, Richmond College in Galle, the oldest school in Sri Lanka and the oldest Methodist School in Asia was found in 1814 under Wesleyan Mission, next year British and Kandyans signed the Kandyan Convention on 2nd<\/sup> March 1815, and 2-years later, the Uwa-Wellassa<\/i> Great Rebellion of 1817\u20131818 erupted and the British massacred nearly the entire male population of Uva Province above the age of 18-years, which is approximately 8000-10000 and which is also double the death toll of Covid-19 as at the time of writing this Article, composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in 1827, Conservative Party was formed by Sir Robert Peel mid-1835, in 1837, Queen Victoria came to throne (incumbent 93-years old Queen Elizabeth II is Queen Victoria’s great-great-granddaughter), Philosopher, Auguste Comte expired in 1857, 2-years later Charles Darwin published \u201cOrigin of Species\u201d, in 1961, Abraham Lincoln became the President of America and in the same year American Civil War started, 4-years later, Abraham Lincoln abolished the Slavery in America, in 1867 a Scot named James Taylor planted the first 19 acres of tea in Loolecondra Estate near Kandy, Ceylon, marking the birth of Sri Lanka\u2019s tea industry, in 1869, Suez canal opened, Alexander Graham Bell invented the most essential communicating apparatus in the current world, the telephone 7-years later, Thomas Alva Edison found electric Bulb in 1879, Vidyodaya Pirivena which was one of the prominent monastic college for the education of Buddhist monks in Ceylon was founded in 1873 by Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thero, in 1879, Royal-Thomian \u2013 the Eton and Harrow of Ceylon commenced their annual cricket encounter, French poet, novelist, and dramatist Victor Hugo died in 1885 leaving his masterpieces, inter alia,<\/i> Les Mis\u00e9rables, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame which are evergreen to date, in year 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give universal franchise to women, in 1895 Olympic games revived in Athens, 1,500-years after being banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius, and whilst Bram Stoker was writing \u201cDracula\u201d, Sri Lanka introduced Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897.<\/p>\n

Even during this era, 90% of Ceylonese were living in houses built of warichchi<\/i> (built by wattle and daub or clay) and those gullible inhabitants were unheard of electric bulbs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In re Medical sector, Peter Daniel Anthonisz (25 June 1822 \u2013 12 June 1903) was the first Ceylonese to obtain an M.R.C.P. and F.R.C.S and became a doctor in this island nation. In 1817 Deputy Inspector General of Hospitals Charles Farell recommended to the British Governor, Robert Brownrigg that a hospital for the poor be established and thus Colombo\u2019s first modern hospital was established in 1819 at Prince Street in Pettah. Only on 26th<\/sup> February, 1887, first establishment of the Ceylon Branch of the British Medical Association (now the SLMC) was formed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Talking further on the level of life standards of Ceylon during this period, A-1 highway was the first in that kind began its construction in 1820 under the orders of the British Governor of Ceylon. The construction was carried out by Captain William Francis Dawson\u2014who died during the project and it must be written down for those who easily passing through Kadugannawa Rock that the even the rock of Kadugannawa was pierced in 1820. Lack of road-structure, width and breadth of the country, showcases how there was no proper access to major towns in this island during this time. Only in 1833 the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission created the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first step in representative government in British Ceylon. Thus, modern socio-economic and political status for then Ceylonese was at far away. Most of the Ceylonese were just farmers!<\/p>\n

Having fabricated the socio-economic and political backdrop of Ceylon as at the dates of introducing the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Laws in to this tiny island, bringing such a law to this country is a wonder. Even Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim and 12-years later, Ceylon passed Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897. The preamble to the said Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 stats as follows: \u201cAN \u00a0 <\/span>ORDINANCE \u00a0 <\/span>TO \u00a0 <\/span>MAKE \u00a0 <\/span>PROVISION \u00a0 <\/span>FOR \u00a0 <\/span>PREVENTING \u00a0 <\/span>THE \u00a0 <\/span>INTRODUCTION \u00a0 <\/span>INTO SRI\u00a0 <\/span>LANKA \u00a0 <\/span>OF \u00a0 <\/span>THE \u00a0 <\/span>PLAGUE \u00a0 <\/span>AND \u00a0 <\/span>ALL \u00a0 <\/span>CONTAGIOUS\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>OR \u00a0 <\/span>INFECTIOUS \u00a0 <\/span>DISEASES AND \u00a0 <\/span>FOR\u00a0 <\/span>PREVENTING\u00a0 <\/span>THE\u00a0 <\/span>SPREAD \u00a0 <\/span>OF\u00a0 <\/span>SUCH \u00a0 <\/span>DISEASES\u00a0 <\/span>IN\u00a0 <\/span>AND\u00a0 <\/span>OUTSIDE\u00a0 <\/span>SRILANKA.\u201d <\/i>Since then, about 10-times or more, this piece of legislation has been amended and according to that the Minister (of Health) could make regulations under following areas, viz,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cSection 3.\u00a0<\/span>(1)\u00a0 <\/span>The\u00a0<\/span>regulations\u00a0<\/span>made\u00a0<\/span>under section 2 may provide amongst\u00a0<\/span>other things\u2014<\/i><\/p>\n

(a)\u00a0<\/span>for placing aircraft,\u00a0<\/span>vessels\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0 <\/span>boats arriving\u00a0<\/span>at\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>port\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>place\u00a0<\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>Sri Lanka in\u00a0<\/span>quarantine,\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the manner of\u00a0<\/span>disinfecting the same, and for the\u00a0<\/span>imposing and prescribing\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>method\u00a0<\/span>of recovery of any charges, which\u00a0<\/span>may\u00a0<\/span>being incurred\u00a0<\/span>by\u00a0<\/span>Government\u00a0<\/span>in carrying out\u00a0<\/span>such operations;<\/i><\/p>\n

(b) for\u00a0<\/span>placing\u00a0<\/span>persons\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>goods\u00a0<\/span>coming or\u00a0<\/span>brought\u00a0<\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>such\u00a0<\/span>aircraft,\u00a0<\/span>vessels or\u00a0<\/span>boats\u00a0<\/span>in quarantine, for the manner\u00a0<\/span>of disinfecting\u00a0 <\/span>or fumigating\u00a0<\/span>such\u00a0<\/span>goods, for\u00a0<\/span>the imposition of\u00a0<\/span>fees\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>charges\u00a0<\/span>for carrying out such operations and for\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>method\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>recovering\u00a0<\/span>such fees\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>charges;<\/i><\/p>\n

(c) for prohibiting\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>regulating the landing\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>persons\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>goods\u00a0<\/span>from aircraft,\u00a0<\/span>vessels\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>boats\u00a0<\/span>either absolutely\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>conditionally;<\/i><\/p>\n

(d) for establishing and maintaining quarantine\u00a0 <\/span>stations, and\u00a0<\/span>for regulating\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>management of\u00a0<\/span>the same, and \u00a0<\/span>for the charging, imposing,\u00a0 <\/span>and\u00a0 <\/span>recovering\u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>fees\u00a0 <\/span>for the \u00a0 <\/span>use \u00a0 <\/span>and \u00a0 <\/span>occupation of such stations,\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>cost of maintenance of\u00a0<\/span>the persons occupying\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>same;<\/i><\/p>\n

(e)\u00a0<\/span>for inspecting\u00a0<\/span>aircraft, vessels and boats leaving\u00a0<\/span>or arriving at any portor\u00a0<\/span>place\u00a0<\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>Sri\u00a0 <\/span>Lanka,\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the detention\u00a0<\/span>thereof\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>person intending\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span>sail\u00a0<\/span>therein,\u00a0<\/span>as\u00a0<\/span>may\u00a0<\/span>be necessary;<\/i><\/p>\n

(f )\u00a0<\/span>for inspecting persons travelling\u00a0<\/span>by railway or\u00a0<\/span>otherwise, and\u00a0<\/span>for segregating\u00a0<\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>hospitals\u00a0<\/span>or otherwise\u00a0<\/span>persons\u00a0<\/span>diseased;<\/i><\/p>\n

(g) for\u00a0<\/span>isolating\u00a0<\/span>all\u00a0<\/span>cases\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>disease\u00a0<\/span>and diseased\u00a0<\/span>persons; for\u00a0<\/span>closing\u00a0<\/span>wells,\u00a0<\/span>pits, cesspits,\u00a0<\/span>and cesspools;<\/i><\/p>\n

(i)\u00a0 <\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>prescribing the\u00a0<\/span>mode\u00a0<\/span>of burial\u00a0<\/span>or cremation\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>person\u00a0<\/span>dying\u00a0<\/span>of disease;<\/i><\/p>\n

(j ) for\u00a0<\/span>regulating\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>number\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>persons to be allowed to\u00a0<\/span>inhabit\u00a0<\/span>any dwelling\u00a0<\/span>place;\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

(k) for the removal from infected localities\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span>places\u00a0<\/span>of observation\u00a0<\/span>or other places of persons found in such\u00a0<\/span>localities;<\/i><\/p>\n

(l)\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>removal\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>diseased\u00a0<\/span>persons to hospitals or other places for medical treatment, and for their detention until they can\u00a0<\/span>be discharged with safety\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span>the public;<\/i><\/p>\n

(m) for\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>cleansing\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>disinfecting\u00a0<\/span>of drains,\u00a0<\/span>sewers, cesspits,\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>of houses, buildings,\u00a0<\/span>rooms, and\u00a0 <\/span>other places\u00a0<\/span>which\u00a0<\/span>have\u00a0<\/span>been\u00a0<\/span>occupied\u00a0<\/span>by any\u00a0<\/span>diseased person, or\u00a0<\/span>which are otherwise \u00a0 <\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>an insanitary condition, and,\u00a0<\/span>if expedient,\u00a0<\/span>for destroying the same, with or without compensation as may be deemed expedient;<\/i><\/p>\n

(n ) for the disinfecting\u00a0<\/span>and,\u00a0<\/span>if expedient, destroying,\u00a0<\/span>with or\u00a0<\/span>without compensation as may be deemed expedient,\u00a0<\/span>goods\u00a0<\/span>which have been in contact with any diseased person, or\u00a0<\/span>which\u00a0<\/span>may\u00a0 <\/span>be\u00a0<\/span>deemed\u00a0<\/span>capable\u00a0<\/span>of spreading\u00a0<\/span>disease;<\/i><\/p>\n

(o) for prescribing and regulating the seizure,\u00a0<\/span>detention, and\u00a0<\/span>destruction or\u00a0<\/span>disposal of\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>goods landed or otherwise dealt with in contravention\u00a0<\/span>of any\u00a0<\/span>regulation made under this Ordinance,\u00a0 <\/span>and for pre-icnhing and\u00a0<\/span>regulating the liability\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>owner,\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>consignor or consignee or importer of the goods,\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>expenses\u00a0<\/span>connected with the seizure, detention, and destruction or disposal thereof;<\/i><\/p>\n

(p) for\u00a0<\/span>prescribing\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>reporting\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span>such officer or\u00a0<\/span>officers\u00a0<\/span>as\u00a0<\/span>may\u00a0<\/span>be\u00a0<\/span>named in\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>regulations, by medical practitioners and persons professing to\u00a0<\/span>treat\u00a0<\/span>diseases,\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>cases\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>disease treated\u00a0 <\/span>by\u00a0<\/span>them;<\/i><\/p>\n

(q)\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>prescribing\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>reporting\u00a0<\/span>by\u00a0<\/span>the householder\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>occupier\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>any house\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>premises to\u00a0<\/span>such\u00a0<\/span>officer or officers as may be named in the regulations\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>case\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>serious illness\u00a0<\/span>occurring\u00a0 <\/span>in\u00a0<\/span>any such\u00a0<\/span>house or premises; and the visiting and inspecting of such case by such officer\u00a0<\/span>or officers;<\/i><\/p>\n

(r) for the appointment of inspectors and\u00a0<\/span>other\u00a0<\/span>officers\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span>carry\u00a0<\/span>out\u00a0<\/span>the provisions\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>this\u00a0<\/span>Ordinance\u00a0<\/span>or\u00a0<\/span>of any\u00a0<\/span>regulations\u00a0<\/span>made\u00a0<\/span>thereunder, and\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>regulating\u00a0<\/span>their\u00a0<\/span>duties\u00a0<\/span>and conduct, and\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>for investing them with all powers\u00a0<\/span>necessary\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>the due execution of their duties;<\/i><\/p>\n

(s)\u00a0 <\/span>for prescribing the publication\u00a0<\/span>of any regulations\u00a0<\/span>made\u00a0<\/span>under this Ordinance,\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>for\u00a0<\/span>prescribing\u00a0<\/span>and regulating\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>form\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>mode of service or\u00a0<\/span>delivery of\u00a0<\/span>notices and other documents\u2026\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

The above area of law is tailor-made for the current plague faced by Sri Lanka to tackle with the novel Corona virus which is also named as Covid-19. By stark of luck, Sri Lanka is rich with legal provisions, which were established merely 120-years ago, from which we have enough legal regime to face the Covid-19 pandemic. It may have been the intentions of the framers of the legislature to prevent some devastating pandemics prevailed over East-Asia to Europe, American and African Continents, which have marred the mortality levels of the world pollution during 1800.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

According to historians, in the time memorial, earth had succumbed to 3-devastating Plagues. Of which pre-19th<\/sup> century, world had suffocated from 2-pandemics and 1 in 1920s. The first was the Plague of Justinian, which ravaged the Byzantine Empire and surrounding areas in years 541 and 542. The second was the \u2018Black Death\u2019, which killed at least one third of Europe\u2019s population (estimated 75 to 200 million people) in a series of expanding waves of infection from 1346 to 1353. This unsympathetic disease was spread by a bacillus called Yersina pestis<\/i> mainly through the vectors of fleas and rats which were very common in Medieval household and merchant ships. But, subsequently, it was the human who carried the virus. This too initiated from China and spread around the globe through the Silk Road. Many believed this epidemic was a punishment by God for their sins, and could be relieved by winning God\u2019s forgiveness. Various groups such as Jews, friars, foreigners, beggars, pilgrims, lepers and Romani, were attacked by religious fanatics alleging that the former brought about this lethal disease.<\/p>\n

More than the said 3-major-Plagues, there were 5-pandemics during the 19th<\/sup> centaury the world had to deal with. The first cholera pandemic (1817-1824) began in Bengal, and then spread across India which ended by killing Hundreds of Thousands of Indians. It was reported that more than 100,000 of people were succumbed to this plague only in islands of Java during at its peak. The second cholera pandemic (1826-1837) made deaths of 100,000 in Hungary and Germany, killed 130,000 people in Egypt, about 55,000 in London and the United Kingdom, about 20,000 in Paris reaching total deaths of 100,000 in France and thousands of people in Quebec, Ontario, and New York as well. The third cholera pandemic (1946-1960) deeply affected Russia, with over one-million deaths. Over 15,000 people died of cholera in Mecca in 1846 and during the two-years outbreak began in England and Wales in 1848, claimed 52,000 lives. In 1852, cholera spread to Indonesia, and later it was carried to Japan in 1854. The Philippines were infected in 1858 and Korea in 1859.\u00a0 <\/span>Between 100,000 and 200,000 people were died of cholera in Tokyo during the outbreak in 1858\u201360. The fourth cholera pandemic (1863-1870) of the century began in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region and traveled with Muslim pilgrims to Mecca. In its first year, the epidemic claimed 30,000 to 90,000 Mecca pilgrims and once it was spread to other continents, Italy lost 113,000 lives and North America lost about 50,000 men in 1870. The fifth cholera pandemic (1881-1896), cost 250,000 lives in Europe and at least 50,000 in the Americas. Further, thus cholera claimed 267,890 lives in Russia, 120,000 in Spain, 90,000 in Japan and over 60,000 in Persia.<\/p>\n

The aforesaid alarming numbers shocked the world leaders and those who are in the medical sector. It was underlined that, all those pandemics were Cholera driven out-brakes. Thus, most of the countries rapidly developed their sanitation facilities, purified water supply facilities without letting another out-brake to hinder their nations. As a result, not only the infrastructure facilities of such countries, but also the legal sector too were advanced to match with their technological expansion to fight against these diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In this backdrop, those who were living in houses built of warichchi<\/i> and used to transport via<\/i> bullock carts in Ceylon were lucky enough to get future-focused legislation, which was never been in the priority list of those fought for the Independence of Ceylon from the clutches of British Raj. Hence, it is not wrong to say that the Quarantine Law which operates up to present day is one of the progressive testaments of British imperialism left in this country.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now the question is whether such an archaic law has any efficacy in the current context? Writer was, about 2-years ago, retained for a case at the Magistrate\u2019s Court of Marawila for an offence alleged to be punishable under Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897. The charge was leveled against one well-known well-heeled erudite person in the area who holds double Doctorate. The exact charge leveled against was, the Client of the writer had violated section 2(II) of the Gazette Notification No. 9570 dated 21-06-1946 which was promulgated by the Minister of Health as per<\/i> section 2 and 3 of the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897, for letting water to accrue in a pipe line at the premises which is a Mosquito breeding place. (a copy of the charge sheet annexed here) The maximum punishment was about Rs. 1000\/- and the Client of the writer just had to appear at courts for single day. Notwithstanding the easy way, that is \u2013 pleading guilty, pay the said Rs. 1000\/- and go home, the said Client resorted the hard way. He is man with Principles!<\/p>\n

The main point of law was, neither the aforesaid Gazette Notification No. 9570 nor does the section 2 and 3 nor does the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 per se<\/i> apply in the instance case due to following reasons:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Prevention of Mosquito breeding places and other incidental offences thereto, are specifically dealt under Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act No. 11 of 2007;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Inasmuch as there is a special law for offences related Mosquito breeding places and other incidental offences thereto, Quarantine Law cannot supersede the former;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. The suspect has been charged under offence created by Gazette Notification whilst, presently, law has enough provisions to charge under statute law \u2013 that is under Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Regulation is subordinate to a Statue and\/or Act of Parliament;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. Universal things do not detract from specific things; this equals to Latin Maxim, \u201c<\/i>Generalia Specialibus Non Derogant\u201d<\/i><\/b>;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. In Queen Vs. Murugan Ramasamy 66 NLR 265<\/b>, ABEYKOON AND ANOTHER Vs.<\/b>
              \n<\/b>NATIONAL SAVINGS BANK 1999 3 SLR 144<\/b>, Hendrick Appuhamy Vs. John Appuhamy 69 N L R 29<\/b>, Mansoor and another Vs. OIC Avissawella Police and another 1991 (2) S L R 75<\/b>, it has been decided that, when a special law compared and contested with a general law, the special law takes the priority;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              1. Hence, even if assume that the Suspect could be charged, that has to be done under Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act; not under Quarantine Act;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. <\/i>The word \u201cQuarantine\u201d has defined in Black\u2019s Law Dictionary<\/b>, viz,<\/i> \u201cThe isolation of a person or animal afflicted with a communicable disease or the prevention of such a person or animal from <\/i>coming into a particular area,<\/i> the purpose being to prevent the spread of disease\u201d;<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                  1. <\/i>The preamble of the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897, states that, \u201cAn Ordinance to make provision for relating the introduction into Sri Lanka of the plague and all ‘contagious or infectious diseases and for preventing the spread of such diseases in and outside Sri Lanka.\u201d (emphasis added)<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Vis-\u00e0-vis,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

                    the preamble of the Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act No. 11 of 2007, states that,<\/p>\n

                    \u201cWHEREAS\u00a0 <\/span>dengue\u00a0 <\/span>fever\u00a0 <\/span>and\u00a0 <\/span>dengue\u00a0 <\/span>haemorrhagic\u00a0 <\/span>fever has become a major public health problem in Sri Lanka, with the\u00a0<\/span>number\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>persons\u00a0<\/span>infected\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>dying\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>this\u00a0<\/span>disease increasing rapidly: AND WHEREAS there is at present no vaccine available to prevent this serious disease nor is there any specific treatment to cure the disease: AND\u00a0<\/span>WHEREAS\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>only\u00a0<\/span>method\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>preventing\u00a0<\/span>and controlling the spread of the disease is by destroying breeding places of the mosquito which spread the disease: AND WHEREAS it has become necessary to effectively deal with this health problem from a national perspective by the formulation of a National Policy and by the appointment of a Competent Authority and other officers to be responsible for the implementation of the National Policy: NOW THEREFORE BE it\u00a0 <\/span>enacted by the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka as follows :\u2014\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. <\/i>Dengue Prevention or any other offence incidental thereto has nothing to do with (I) quarantine process since dengue is already well-established disease in Sri Lanka, (II) since Dengue, even at this moment, prevails in Sri Lanka, it does not come under \u201cintroduction into Sri Lanka of the plague\u201d as per<\/i> the preamble of Quarantine Act;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \n
                      1. Further, according to section 3 of Quarantine Act, it\u00a0 <\/span>has clearly mentioned that, \u201c\u2026for placing aircraft,\u00a0 <\/span>vessels\u00a0 <\/span>and\u00a0 <\/span>boats arriving\u00a0 <\/span>at\u00a0 <\/span>any\u00a0 <\/span>port\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>place\u00a0 <\/span>in\u00a0 <\/span>Sri Lanka \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>in\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>quarantine,\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>for\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>the manner \u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>disinfecting\u2026\u201d <\/i>and rest of the sub-section too stipulates provisions for diseases which can arrive in to Sri Lanka from outside world; Hence, Dengue cannot come under Quarantine Act;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \n
                        1. As far back as 1897, unlike today, world was na\u00efve on protecting Human Rights, individual liberty, privacy etc. Thus, some draconian laws which were used by the British Rulers by the name of Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897, to broke out to any household at any time and arrest or even kill anyone who does not comply with Quarantine laws, are tolerable. (do not forget, this was a period, men kept corpses and prayed for many supernatural Gods even after their loved ones died, some slept with such infected bodies, some even kept their corpses for weeks at their houses and resorted to some black magic.) Thus, no wonder, under Quarantine Ordinance, legislature intended to vest so much of power on military or other arms of the Government. Sri Lankans cannot forget that due to ill-health facilities and lack of awareness of individual hygiene how Malaria epidemic (which was also called \u201cKele Una\u201d<\/i>) ravaged the entire island, during 1934\u20131935, infecting an estimated five million people and causing approximately 80,000 deaths. Thus, those were the days that well-being of the greatest number is far more important than individual liberty. Whereas, today, section 13 of the Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act No. 11 of 2007 has provided that if any Public Health Inspector (PHI) desires to enter into a household, he must notify the same to the house owner in advance and only if such permission is granted such PHI could enter into such premises. Failing to accommodate such inspection, the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) could report facts to the Magistrate and get an order to inspect the premises. In this premise, it was argued that, since, the Prosecution has not followed the Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act No. 11 of 2007 and its provisions, the Suspect ought to be discharged;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Having considered the aforesaid points of law, the learned Magistrate of Marawila, Hon. Sirimewan Mahedrarajah, quite correctly held that,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u2019”..\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad\u0d9a\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd3 \u0dba\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0dc1\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0ddd\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9a\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c\u0dd3 \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dc5\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8 1897 \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a 03 \u0daf\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d86\u0da5\u0dcf \u0db4\u0db1\u0dad\u0dda \u0d85\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db6\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc1\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db8\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf \u0db6\u0ddd\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9a\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c\u0dd3 \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dc5\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dd3…<\/p>\n

                          \u0d91\u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca 1897 \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a 03 \u0daf\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc3\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0dad\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0dc5\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0dd9\u0db8\u0dd2 \u0d86\u0da5\u0dcf \u0db4\u0db1\u0dad\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dba \u0db4\u0dae\u0dba \u0dc1\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d85\u0dbd\u0dd6\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db8\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0daf\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dd6\u0db8 \u0db6\u0ddd\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9a\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c\u0dd3 \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dc5\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0d9a \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d8a\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc0\u0db1 2007 \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a 11 \u0daf\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db8\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0db6\u0ddd\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0dc5\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0db4\u0db1\u0dad \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0d9a \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad\u0dda \u0db8\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db6\u0ddd\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0dc5\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2…<\/p>\n

                          \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dd6\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dcf \u0db6\u0dbd\u0db8\u0dd2. \u0db4\u0dd0\u0db8\u0dd2\u0dab\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0da0\u0dd6\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dad\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0d9c\u0dcf \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0da0\u0ddd\u0daf\u0db1\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dad\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d91\u0db1\u0db8\u0dca, 1897 \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a 03 \u0daf\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc3\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0dad\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbb\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0dc5\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0dd9\u0db8\u0dd2 \u0d86\u0da5\u0dcf \u0db4\u0db1\u0dad \u0dba\u0da7\u0dad\u0dda \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0da0\u0ddd\u0daf\u0db1\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dad \u0da0\u0dd6\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dad\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dc0 \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db1\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dba\u0dcf\u0db8\u0da7 \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0dad\u0dd3\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd3 \u0da0\u0ddd\u0daf\u0db1\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0da0\u0dd6\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dad \u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2.<\/p>\n

                          \u0d86\u0dbb\u0dca. \u0d91\u0dc3\u0dca. \u0d91\u0db8\u0dca. \u0db8\u0dc4\u0dda\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0da2\u0dcf<\/p>\n

                          \u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd \u0db8\u0dc4\u0dda\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca<\/p>\n

                          2018-10-10″<\/i><\/p>\n

                          (\u201c\u2026according to the aforesaid Preamble it is clear that the intention of the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 was to prevent the infectious diseases such as bubonic plague and other immigrant diseases which could newly enter into Sri Lanka\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

                          Thus, the ambit of Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 limited to infectious diseases such as bubonic plague and other immigrant diseases whereas, the specific intention of brining Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act No. 11 of 2007 to prevent disease caused by Mosquitoes\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

                          Having considered all, it is decided that the charges framed by the Prosecution cannot be maintained under the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897, against the Suspect. Hence, the Suspect is discharged.<\/i><\/p>\n

                          Hon. R. S. M. Mahendrarajah,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

                          Magistrate of Marawila,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

                          10-10-2018\u201d)<\/i><\/p>\n

                          (read this order here<\/span><\/strong><\/a>)<\/p>\n

                          Writer made to penned down the aforesaid case law to give a glimpse of an idea on how law imposing authorities of Sri Lanka could use the proper law at this crunch hour without playing havoc at the Courts as it was reflected in the above said incident.<\/p>\n

                          By owing to British who ruled the country, from early as 1897, we have been gifted with comprehensive legal regime to deal with any sort of Plague which comes to the country which was never before on this land. Section 3 of the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 Act has provisions from making arrangements to disinfecting people and to imposing and prescribing\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>method\u00a0 <\/span>of recovery of any charges, \u00a0 <\/span>which may being incurred\u00a0 <\/span>by\u00a0 <\/span>Government\u00a0 <\/span>in carrying out\u00a0 <\/span>such\u00a0 <\/span>operations. This section has to be highlighted as there were faction of incoming Sri Lankans who came from Italy had found fault on the Government on imposing sum of Rs.\u00a0 <\/span>7500\/- merely for covering of food expenses, for 14-days. In terms of Quarantine Act, this is total legal. Government further can establish and maintain quarantine stations. Nevertheless, it is sad that the current Government could not peruse with their arrangements to send off the first group of immigrants to one time Leprosy Hospital at Hendala<\/i> having law in their favour. Besides, state could inspect\u00a0<\/span>aircraft, vessels and boats leaving\u00a0 <\/span>or arriving at any port or\u00a0 <\/span>place\u00a0 <\/span>in\u00a0 <\/span>Sri\u00a0 <\/span>Lanka, irrespective of their nationality, and Government also have the power to isolate\u00a0 <\/span>all\u00a0 <\/span>cases\u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>disease\u00a0 <\/span>and diseased\u00a0 <\/span>persons, if this plague goes uncontrollable, authorities could even, prescribe the\u00a0<\/span>mode\u00a0<\/span>of burial\u00a0<\/span>or cremation\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<\/span>any\u00a0<\/span>person\u00a0<\/span>dying\u00a0<\/span>of disease. A fortiori,<\/i> if the Minister opines that further regulations should be taken incidental to preventing of this infectious disease, he could further specify new regulations to overcome new challenges. For instance, setting a maximum price for face masks, allowed maximum number of persons at a public gathering, taking legal actions against those who try to create shadow economy or clandestine market for their personal mileage at such a plague time, etc.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          However, it is shame that if the state do not utilize the Quarantine Ordinance in its true nature against whoever tries to sabotage their mode of operandi<\/i> to fight against Covid-19. It was seen in the news that, those who come from most affected countries, such as South Korea, Iran and Italy, have refused to comply with the regulations imposed by the Government. Without prejudice to their rights, it must be noted that such bandits must put to Criminal Courts and be rigid on law.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Having said the grave danger of contracting such disease into a country and consequence which could bring about afterwards, the implementation of law must be very stringent. Under Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897 Act, those who contravene with the said regulations can be charged under section 4 and, following punishments can also be imposed under section 5:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u201cOffence: 4.\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>(1) \u00a0 <\/span>If \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>person, \u00a0 <\/span>without \u00a0 <\/span>lawful \u00a0 <\/span>Offences. authority\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>excuse\u00a0 <\/span>(proof whereof shall\u00a0 <\/span>lie on\u00a0 <\/span>him),\u00a0 <\/span>contravenes\u00a0 <\/span>any\u00a0 <\/span>regulation\u00a0 <\/span>made under\u00a0 <\/span>this\u00a0 <\/span>Ordinance,\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>does\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>omits\u00a0 <\/span>to do\u00a0 <\/span>anything\u00a0 <\/span>which\u00a0 <\/span>under\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>provisions\u00a0 <\/span>of this\u00a0 <\/span>Ordinance\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>any\u00a0 <\/span>regulations\u00a0 <\/span>made thereunder\u00a0 <\/span>he\u00a0 <\/span>ought\u00a0 <\/span>not\u00a0 <\/span>to\u00a0 <\/span>do\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>omit,\u00a0 <\/span>or if \u00a0 <\/span>he \u00a0 <\/span>obstructs \u00a0 <\/span>or \u00a0 <\/span>impedes \u00a0 <\/span>or \u00a0 <\/span>assists \u00a0 <\/span>in obstructing \u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>impeding \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>inspector \u00a0 <\/span>or other\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>officer\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>appointed\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>under\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>this Ordinance, \u00a0 <\/span>or \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>police \u00a0 <\/span>officer \u00a0 <\/span>in \u00a0 <\/span>the execution\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>of \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>any\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>provision\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>of \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>this Ordinance \u00a0 <\/span>or \u00a0 <\/span>of \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>regulation \u00a0 <\/span>made thereunder,\u00a0 <\/span>he\u00a0 <\/span>shall\u00a0 <\/span>be\u00a0 <\/span>guilty\u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>an\u00a0 <\/span>offence against this\u00a0 <\/span>Ordinance.<\/i><\/p>\n

                          (2)\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Every \u00a0 <\/span>prosecution \u00a0 <\/span>for \u00a0 <\/span>an \u00a0 <\/span>offence against\u00a0 <\/span>this\u00a0 <\/span>Ordinance\u00a0 <\/span>may\u00a0 <\/span>be\u00a0 <\/span>instituted\u00a0 <\/span>in the\u00a0 <\/span>Magistrate’s\u00a0 <\/span>Court* \u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>division\u00a0 <\/span>in which\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>offence\u00a0 <\/span>was\u00a0 <\/span>committed,\u00a0 <\/span>and\u00a0 <\/span>such court\u00a0 <\/span>may\u00a0 <\/span>impose\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>full\u00a0 <\/span>penalties\u00a0 <\/span>here in prescribed, \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>anything \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>in \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>the \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>Code \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>of Criminal \u00a0 <\/span>Procedure \u00a0 <\/span>Act \u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>in \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>other enactment to the contrary notwithstanding.<\/i><\/p>\n

                          Punishment: 5.\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>(1) \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>If \u00a0 <\/span>any \u00a0 <\/span>person \u00a0 <\/span>is \u00a0 <\/span>guilty \u00a0 <\/span>of \u00a0 <\/span>an offence\u00a0 <\/span>against\u00a0 <\/span>this\u00a0 <\/span>Ordinance,\u00a0 <\/span>he\u00a0 <\/span>shall\u00a0 <\/span>be liable\u00a0 <\/span>on\u00a0 <\/span>conviction\u00a0 <\/span>before\u00a0 <\/span>a\u00a0 <\/span>Magistrate\u00a0 <\/span>to imprisonment \u00a0 <\/span>of\u00a0 <\/span>either\u00a0 <\/span>description \u00a0 <\/span>for \u00a0 <\/span>a term\u00a0 <\/span>not\u00a0 <\/span>exceeding\u00a0 <\/span>six\u00a0 <\/span>months\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>to\u00a0 <\/span>a\u00a0 <\/span>fine not\u00a0 <\/span>exceeding\u00a0 <\/span>one\u00a0 <\/span>thousand\u00a0 <\/span>rupees,\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>to both.<\/i><\/p>\n

                          (2) \u00a0 <\/span>Nothing \u00a0 <\/span>in \u00a0 <\/span>this \u00a0 <\/span>section \u00a0 <\/span>contained shall\u00a0 <\/span>affect\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>liability\u00a0 <\/span>of any\u00a0 <\/span>person\u00a0 <\/span>to\u00a0 <\/span>any punishment\u00a0 <\/span>or\u00a0 <\/span>penalty\u00a0 <\/span>to\u00a0 <\/span>which\u00a0 <\/span>he\u00a0 <\/span>is\u00a0 <\/span>liable under\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>any\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>enactment\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>other\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>than\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>this Ordinance,\u00a0 <\/span>but\u00a0 <\/span>so\u00a0 <\/span>that\u00a0 <\/span>a\u00a0 <\/span>person\u00a0 <\/span>shall\u00a0 <\/span>not\u00a0 <\/span>be punished\u00a0 <\/span>twice\u00a0 <\/span>for\u00a0 <\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span>same\u00a0 <\/span>offence\u2026\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

                          Besides, section 262, 263 and 264 of the Penal Code could also be used and Police could report the facts to the Magistrate under section 136 of the Criminal Procedure Code, if any party knowingly or maliciously causes to spread any deadly infectious disease with his or her negligent actions, and\/or any party acts contrary to any regulation imposed under Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance No. 03 of 1897.<\/p>\n

                          Finally, let the writer finish with this: It was recounted that during the Black Death, the entire Europe got contacted the deadly disease after some sailing ships arrived in to Port Messina in Italy. It is said that the plague arrived in Europe in October 1347, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. People gathered on the docks were met with a horrifying surprise. Most sailors aboard the ships were dead, and those still alive were gravely ill and covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus. Sicilian authorities hastily ordered the fleet \u201cdeath ships\u201d out of the harbor, but it was too late: Over the next five years, the Black Death killed more than 20 million people in Europe \u2013 almost one-third of the continent\u2019s population.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Thus, let\u2019s act together not to let this Plague go to history!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":208627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"\nWhilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[…]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-15T19:28:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-03-21T18:28:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ashan Nanayakkara\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ashan Nanayakkara\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"21 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/\",\"name\":\"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-15T19:28:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-03-21T18:28:57+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df01357c9e0466333211442fc12dc975\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg\",\"width\":700,\"height\":450},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\",\"name\":\"Colombo Telegraph\",\"description\":\"In journalism truth is a process\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df01357c9e0466333211442fc12dc975\",\"name\":\"Ashan Nanayakkara\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/804eee0559e00572157e5011d033eb33ad1d5ff72c6f91b2197cc14c3720a056?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/804eee0559e00572157e5011d033eb33ad1d5ff72c6f91b2197cc14c3720a056?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ashan Nanayakkara\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/ashannana\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph","og_description":"[…]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/","og_site_name":"Colombo Telegraph","article_published_time":"2020-03-15T19:28:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-03-21T18:28:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":700,"height":450,"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ashan Nanayakkara","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ashan Nanayakkara","Est. reading time":"21 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/","name":"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance - Colombo Telegraph","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg","datePublished":"2020-03-15T19:28:26+00:00","dateModified":"2020-03-21T18:28:57+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df01357c9e0466333211442fc12dc975"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg","width":700,"height":450},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/whilst-bram-stoker-writes-dracula-in-1897-ceylon-introduced-quarantine-ordinance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Whilst Bram Stoker Writes \u201cDracula\u201d In 1897; Ceylon Introduced Quarantine Ordinance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/","name":"Colombo Telegraph","description":"In journalism truth is a process","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/df01357c9e0466333211442fc12dc975","name":"Ashan Nanayakkara","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/804eee0559e00572157e5011d033eb33ad1d5ff72c6f91b2197cc14c3720a056?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/804eee0559e00572157e5011d033eb33ad1d5ff72c6f91b2197cc14c3720a056?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Ashan Nanayakkara"},"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/ashannana\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/quarantine-sri-lanka.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/308"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208615"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":208620,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208615\/revisions\/208620"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}