{"id":219848,"date":"2021-06-10T18:40:09","date_gmt":"2021-06-10T13:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=219848"},"modified":"2021-06-12T23:36:52","modified_gmt":"2021-06-12T18:06:52","slug":"delhis-choice-colombos-highway-to-beijing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/delhis-choice-colombos-highway-to-beijing\/","title":{"rendered":"Delhi\u2019s Choice & Colombo\u2019s Highway To Beijing \u00a0 \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Ameer Ali<\/a> –<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Dr. Ameer Ali<\/p><\/div>\n

Is Indian Ocean Indian?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Post-war Sri Lanka has turned into a contestable terrain for a new Great Game played chiefly between two regional powers, India and China with their respective allies. Although India\u2019s presumption of control over the Indian Ocean remained uncontested once the former colonial masters started leaving the region one by one, and when Indian historians and political strategists like K. M. Panikkar warned Independent India of economic and security perils of surrendering control over Indian Ocean, the end of the Cold War in 1980s, rise of a new imperial order cemented by economic globalization, and challenge to that order by China after Mao dramatically transformed the global significance of that ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indian Ocean touches the shores of forty independent nation states that house 40 percent of world\u2019s population. Two-thirds of world\u2019s oil shipment, one-third of its bulk cargo and one-half of container traffic travels through this ocean. In short, 80 percent of global seaborne trade passes through this arterial waterway. What is even more crucial in the context of present discussion is that China\u2019s export of goods reaches the Persian Gulf, East Africa, Western Europe and North America by set sailing towards the Cape of Good Hope via the Indian Ocean route. Hence, freedom of navigation through the Indian Ocean or at least some control over that volume of water is extremely vital for the global aspirations of this awakened giant. Two centuries ago, it was Napoleon Bonaparte who said this with one hundred percent accuracy: \u201cChina is a sleeping giant, let her sleep, for when she wakes, she will shake the world\u201d.\u00a0 <\/span>She is shaking now.\u00a0 <\/span>Indian Ocean is no more Indian just as the Persian Gulf is no more Persian. <\/span><\/p>\n

China in Sri Lanka<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Apart from a fourteenth century brief foray into Sri Lanka\u2019s Kotte Kingdom by the Chinese Eunuch Muslim Admiral, Zheng He, the signing of the Rubber-Rice Pact in 1952, opening of formal diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1957, China\u2019s gift of the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall in 1973, and the visit to Beijing by SL President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga (CBK) at the invitation of her Chinese counterpart Jiang Zemin in 1996, China\u2019s presence in Sri Lanka was nothing more than ordinary. It was the civil war that really tied together the two nations into what now looks like an inseparable economic, diplomatic and even security relationship. Sri Lanka\u2019s former president CBK expressed publicly that the country has become almost a colony of China. Certain developments as will be shown below would vouch for her contention.<\/span><\/p>\n

Delhi\u2019s Dilemma<\/b> & China\u2019s Opportunity<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

India\u2019s pretended neutrality but covert support to Rajapaksa regime\u2019s war efforts, and Delhi\u2019s dilemma over aiding post-war reconstruction efforts by the same regime should bear some responsibility for pushing Sri Lanka more and more into the fold of China. US\u2019s and her Western allies\u2019 withdrawal of support to the regime over its condemnable record of human rights violations and tardiness in effecting post-war reconciliation made that push stronger and speedier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Shivshankar Menon, India\u2019s former Ambassador to Sri Lanka (1997-2000), candidly explains Delhi\u2019s predicament as, \u201can impossible choice between reasons of state and humanitarian instincts, between idealism and self-interest, between intervention and allowing a war to run its course. As a democracy, India chose to find a middle way between them, to try to satisfy both, in the event not fully satisfying either\u201d (Shivshankar Menon, Choices: Inside the Making of India\u2019s Foreign Policy<\/i>, Washington D. C, Brooking Institution Press, 2016, p. 103). He also states that had \u201cIndia \u2026 stood aside \u2026 defending the killers of an Indian prime minister, we would have effectively written ourselves out of Sri Lanka for the next decade or more, sacrificing our maritime and other interests in Sri Lanka and abdicating a geopolitically strategic neighbor to other powers (p. 96). However, when one looks at developments in the island since Menon published his analysis his fears seem to have almost come true.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Delhi\u2019s hard choice and the West\u2019s reluctance to help Rajapaksa Government left a huge gap which came as manna from heaven for China to capitalize. An awaken China with aspirations for economic dominance globally and to counter the unipolar world order embarked on her string of pearls strategy with the construction of her One-Belt-One-Road (OBOR) new maritime silk road, through the Indian Ocean.\u00a0 <\/span>Acquiring at least semi-permanent halting stations along that route would clear the way for her final objective. A war ravaged and debt burdened Sri Lanka, right on the door step of China\u2019s regional rival, India, offered a golden opportunity that was too good to miss. From the point of view of Rajapaksa\u2019s Sri Lanka, China\u2019s OBOR with its latest subway, China-Pakistan-Sri Lanka-Economic Corridor became Colombo\u2019s highway to Beijing. Even a regime change in 2015 by the West-oriented UNP could not change that direction. In fact, the ninety-nine years lease of Hambantota Harbor signed by the new regime reinforced China\u2019s long-term foothold in Sri Lanka.<\/span><\/p>\n

China\u2019s Consolidation & Delhi\u2019s Retraction <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

With the return of Rajapaksa regime in 2019, Delhi\u2019s relations with Colombo became even more precarious. Once again, the Tamil issue in the shape of the 13<\/span>th<\/sup><\/span> Amendment, a legacy of the slain Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, has become a sore point. When President Gotabaya Rajapaksa visited Delhi soon after he was elected, Prime Minister Narendra Modi insisted that Sri Lanka implements that amendment in return for economic assistance. Although the visitor agreed to do so in Delhi, he reneged on his word after returning to Colombo, which was virtually a slap on Modi\u2019s face.\u00a0 <\/span>As if to redress the situation, the Rajapaksa regime signed a deal with India and Japan to build and operate the East Container Terminal in Colombo Harbor. That deal was forced to be withdrawn by Sri Lanka unilaterally due to non-stop protests from trade unions and Buddhist monks, apparently instigated by China. Even before reneging on that deal the Rajapaksa cabinet provocatively approved to allow Sinosoar-Etechwin Joint Venture in China to install hybrid renewable energy systems in three of Sri Lanka\u2019s small islands, Nainativu, Neduntivu and Analaitivu – all three situated in Palk Strait and less than 50 km away from Tamil Nadu.\u00a0 <\/span>India raised its concerns without any response from Sri Lanka. <\/span><\/p>\n

The completion of the celebrated Colombo Port City, built entirely at China\u2019s expense of $15 billion, on a 269-hectare reclaimed land, is the crowning achievement of China\u2019s consolidation of her foothold in Sri Lanka. This Port City has been technically handed over to an independent Commission whose members have been appointed by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. A Bill to that effect was hastily presented in the rubber stamp parliament and was rushed through in spite of serious criticisms from the opposition. <\/span><\/p>\n

This Port City has been advertised to the world, including India, as a one stop destination for foreign and local investors and is described as marking a turning point in the country\u2019s economic development. State Minister Cabraal invited investors to capitalize on the \u201cawesomeness\u201d of Sri Lanka. (He must have actually meant the Port City\u2019s awesomeness, because there is a lot of awfulness outside that fantasyland engulfed by the pandemic, which would distract global fortune hunters). Yet, how much of control will China exert over this financial and entertainment megalopolis and how much of the revenue earned there would trickle down to historic Sri Lanka, are questions to which only time will provide answers.<\/span><\/p>\n

New Great Game<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

However, the $64k question is how does India view this rapidly changing Sri Lankan scenario? Historically, India\u2019s security had been threatened always from her northern borders and that threat is kept alive by China\u2019s capture of Tibet and aiding Pakistan over anti-Indian resistance in Kashmir. The southern coast until now had always been safe, and that was one reason why India considered Sri Lanka\u2019s ethnic issue as one to be settled internally. That assumption has now been shattered with the aggressive penetration of China into Sri Lanka. Menon\u2019s fear of sacrificing India\u2019s maritime and other interests in Sri Lanka has come almost close to reality. Did Delhi miscalculate? And, has Delhi got a counter strategy to redeem its losses?<\/span><\/p>\n

Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison is warning world leaders to act in removing China\u2019s rising threat to the region. That region includes even the Indian Ocean through which Australia trades with the Middle East and Europe. Morrison\u2019s call would be music to Delhi\u2019s ears. Delhi also would be pushing hard on US and European policy makers to confront China\u2019s threat to keep the Indian Ocean safe for navigation and commerce. Sri Lanka cannot escape from that confrontation and is destined to become a main theatre of action for the new Great Game. Are the current rulers of Sri Lanka aware of what is going to come? Ignorance is always bliss. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Dr. Ameer Ali, School of Business & Governance, Murdoch University, Western Australia<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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