{"id":231271,"date":"2023-02-08T10:28:52","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T04:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=231271"},"modified":"2023-02-15T01:43:45","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T20:13:45","slug":"incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/","title":{"rendered":"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka’s Present Day Context\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Methma Ranaweera<\/a> –<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Methma Ranaweera<\/p><\/div>\n

The seventh UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan has stated that “We will not enjoy security without development, we will not enjoy development without security, and we will not enjoy either without respect for human rights.” This accurately depict the complexity as well as the importance of human security. Human security is commonly understood as prioritizing the security of people, especially their welfare, safety and well-being, instead of that of states. In modern arena \u201cit is argued that human security is poverty, population displacement, hunger, disease, environmental degradation, and social exclusion.\u201d[1] The recognition given to development, peace, security, and human rights are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. It can be identified as encapsulated in the concept of human security.<\/p>\n

The human security framework was developed by the \u201cUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the 1994 Human Development Report (1994 HDR) and significantly this concept was broadened in the 2000s by the Commission on Human Security (CHS) which was designed to reframe understandings of insecurity as well as introduce new approaches and tools for reducing vulnerabilities, particularly by non-state actors.\u201d[2] The UNDP suggests that \u201cfreedom from want\u201d and \u201cfreedom from fear\u201d are the two main components of human security. These correspond to the concepts of freedom from \u201cdeprivation\u201d and freedom from \u201cviolent conflict,\u201d respectively, according to terminology used by the Commission on Human Security. It is identified \u201cthat the main risks Human security are organized violence and relative poverty.\u201d[3] \u201cOrganized violence is caused by social and economic inequality, by group aspiration for being dominant or incapability to maintain collective consensus and relative poverty is a condition in which some groups are perceived as relatively better than others. This creates collective frustrations which lead to collective violence\u201d[4]<\/p>\n

In recent past, Sri Lanka<\/a><\/span> has dealt with many human security challenges. They can be identified as the civil war which was there for nearly three decades, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the countrywide protests in which people from different socioeconomic, cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds came together to call for deep political and democratic reforms, and accountability for economic mismanagement and corruption.\u00a0<\/span>As a result of it, the President resigned on 14th<\/sup> of July 2022. However, it can be identified that Sri Lanka is facing an economic crisis and is still in the process of overcoming it. This economic crisis is a result governance system of the country failing to identify human security as a high priority.<\/p>\n

Historically, Sri Lanka is considered one of the more stable and secures countries in the South Asian region. In the years after independence, it gradually dawned on the government that maintaining national security was a crucial and most challenging contemporary issue faced by the country.\u00a0<\/span>Even though there were deep sense of peace building measures done to restore the country, yet national security was led to an unstable situation. It is mainly because of short sightedness, inadequate decision making, conducting own agendas in the country. Unfortunately there were no common agenda to the country.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There has been considerable discussion of ways that human security can assist in identifying insecurities and the general operating principles and implementing development-related projects. Yet, \u201cthere is a lack of an evidence base and accuracy of the information for operationalizing and ensuring human security remains an obstacle\u201d[5] At the moment the country is in a crisis, if the government does not take necessary measures and consider the policy recommendations given by the stake holders this situation might escalate and country may lead to extreme poverty. Further they need to adopt Humanitarian principles and address human suffering to ensure the right of civilians under local and international law to be protected from discrimination, violence, torture, and other serious violations of human rights; they also stress the right of civilians to receive, in exceptional circumstances, material assistance necessary for their survival.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As per Article 27(1) of the constitution describes directive principle as \u2018The Directive Principles of State Policy herein contained shall guide Parliament, the President and the Cabinet of Ministers in the enactment of laws and the governance of Sri Lanka for the establishment of a just and free society.\u2019 And further in the Article 27(2) (a) states that \u2018The State is pledged to establish in Sri Lanka a Democratic Socialist Society, the objectives of which include \u2013 the full realization of the fundamental rights and freedoms of all persons. The most important article is that Article27 (2) (c). accordingly the realization by all citizens of an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including adequate food, clothing and housing, the continuous improvement of living conditions and the full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities; it is the duty of the State shall recognize and protect the family as the basic unit of society The State shall recognize and protect the family as the basic unit of society as per Article 27(12). However it is obvious that the basic unit of the society is now challenged due to the crisis situation. The cost of goods are increasing day by day and the wages of citizen do not increase parallel therefore it is been challenged undoubtly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sri Lanka needs common goals to ensure human security. Therefore, government can adopt goals that are suggested and available internationally. For example, sustainable development goals. \u201cOn 1st<\/sup> of January 2016, the\u00a017 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)<\/a><\/span>\u00a0of the\u00a02030 Agenda for Sustainable Development<\/a><\/span> adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at a\u00a0historic UN Summit<\/a><\/span>\u00a0– officially came into force.\u00a0 Over the next fifteen years, with these new Goals that universally apply to all, countries will mobilize efforts to end all forms of poverty, fight inequalities and tackle climate change, while ensuring that no one is left behind. The SDGs, also known as Global Goals, build on the success of\u00a0the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)<\/a><\/span>\u00a0and aim to go further to end all forms of poverty. While the SDGs are not legally binding, governments are expected to take ownership and establish national frameworks for the achievement of the 17 Goals.\u00a0Countries have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review of the progress made in implementing the Goals, which will require quality, accessible and timely data collection. Regional follow-up and review<\/a><\/span> will be based on national-level analyses and contribute to follow-up and review at the global level\u201d It is an identical progress that \u201cUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework for 2023\u20132027 articulates the collective vision and contribution of the United Nations system to support Sri Lanka<\/a><\/span> to accelerate actions towards the achievement of the SDGs. It is anchored in a rights-based approach and is underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind as the country makes progress on all three pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Even though Sri Lanka has shown a positive trend towards this, the current situation of economic security is threatening. It is uncertain and unpredictable. And most of the time there is no plan for the distribution of the necessary items and citizens of the country are not used to producing them on their own. They are solely dependent on the import items. Furthermore, the quality of the items that are made in Sri Lanka for Sri Lankan people is most of the time at very high prices or very low in quality. Therefore, some of the triumphs in SDGs are challenges at present.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Even though, Human security is established in the past two decades it can be identified as a people-centred approach to foreign policy that recognizes that lasting stability cannot be achieved until people are protected from violent threats to their rights, safety, or lives. In essence<\/a><\/span>, \u201chuman security means safety for people from both violent and non-violent threats. It is a condition or state of being characterized by freedom from pervasive threats to people’s rights, their safety, or even their lives.\u201d It is important to state that once human security is established individually national security will eventually establish.<\/p>\n

When implementing the human security doctrine in Sri Lanka initially is necessary to give an interpretation to human security which leads to national security eventually. And then it needs to have development goals, long-term and short-term. Furthermore, Sri Lankan needs to work for common goals without leading personal agendas and reliable and unbiased decisions to ensure human security as well as national security. And also establish a mechanism to get accurate information regarding national issues.<\/p>\n

\n

[1] lawexplores.com<\/p>\n

[2] Albie Sharpe , Husna Razee & Anthony B. Zwi (2020) Did human\u00a0security forget the humans? Critically assessing evaluations of interventions with a human\u00a0security dimension in Sri Lanka, Conflict, Security & Development, 20:4, 467-495, DOI:\u00a010.1080\/14678802.2020.1800954\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] The Humanitarian Challenge, 2015<\/p>\n

[4] www.slideshare.net<\/p>\n

[5] www.tandfonline.com<\/p>\n

*Methma Ranaweera is an Intern (Research) at the Institute of National Security Studies (INSS), the premier think tank on National Security established under the Ministry of Defence. The opinion expressed is her own and not necessarily reflective of the institute or the Ministry of Defence.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2527,"featured_media":211669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-231271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"\nIncorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[…]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-08T04:58:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-14T20:13:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"780\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"439\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Methma Ranaweera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Methma Ranaweera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/\",\"name\":\"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-08T04:58:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-14T20:13:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/79821281b3abbfc6fb0d3739d664918c\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg\",\"width\":780,\"height\":439},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka’s Present Day Context\u00a0\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\",\"name\":\"Colombo Telegraph\",\"description\":\"In journalism truth is a process\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/79821281b3abbfc6fb0d3739d664918c\",\"name\":\"Methma Ranaweera\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14132d4b3cca224879c4b4349b68b77d39ef7cb476d596886db99ac0b8811148?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14132d4b3cca224879c4b4349b68b77d39ef7cb476d596886db99ac0b8811148?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Methma Ranaweera\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/methra\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph","og_description":"[…]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/","og_site_name":"Colombo Telegraph","article_published_time":"2023-02-08T04:58:52+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-02-14T20:13:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":780,"height":439,"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Methma Ranaweera","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Methma Ranaweera","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/","name":"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka's Present Day Context\u00a0 - Colombo Telegraph","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-08T04:58:52+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-14T20:13:45+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/79821281b3abbfc6fb0d3739d664918c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg","width":780,"height":439},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/incorporating-human-security-doctrine-for-sri-lankas-present-day-context\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Incorporating Human Security Doctrine For Sri Lanka’s Present Day Context\u00a0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/","name":"Colombo Telegraph","description":"In journalism truth is a process","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/79821281b3abbfc6fb0d3739d664918c","name":"Methma Ranaweera","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14132d4b3cca224879c4b4349b68b77d39ef7cb476d596886db99ac0b8811148?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/14132d4b3cca224879c4b4349b68b77d39ef7cb476d596886db99ac0b8811148?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Methma Ranaweera"},"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/methra\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Understanding-Poverty-in-Sri-Lanka-Photo-credit-World-bank-.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2527"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231271"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":231445,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231271\/revisions\/231445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/211669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}