{"id":72537,"date":"2013-02-05T22:34:36","date_gmt":"2013-02-05T22:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=72537"},"modified":"2013-02-13T02:18:35","modified_gmt":"2013-02-13T02:18:35","slug":"thamils-should-not-lose-heart-but-fight-back-peacefully-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/thamils-should-not-lose-heart-but-fight-back-peacefully-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Thamils Should Not Lose Heart, But Fight Back Peacefully"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Veluppillai Thangavelu<\/a><\/span> –<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Veluppillai Thangavelu<\/p><\/div>\n

President Mahinda Rajapaksa<\/a><\/span> is holding Sri Lanka’s\u00a0 65th independence anniversary celebration with pomp\u00a0 and gaiety\u00a0 in Trincomalee<\/a><\/span> this year. The choice of\u00a0 Trincomalee,\u00a0 a once predominantly Thamil dominated district as the venue should not be lost in the cry for justice.<\/p>\n

At the time of independence in 1948\u00a0 the Thamils constituted 44.51 (33,795) of the population in Trincomalee as compared to Muslims 30.58\u00a0 (23,219) and Sinhalese 15.29 (11,606) but today the demography has been drastically altered. The Thamils now (2012) constitute only\u00a0 30.6 (115,549) Muslims 40.4 (152,854) and Sinhalese 27.0\u00a0 (101,991).\u00a0There is no need to explain why the Thamil population declined so dramatically. In 1827 the Thamils constituted 81.80\u00a0 (15,663) of the population, the Muslims only 16.90 (3,245) and Sinhalese a mere 1.3 (250). The Muslims between 1981 and 2012 have more than doubled their numbers from 75,039 to 152,854 (11.08)\u00a0 as seen in the following Table 1:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*2001 Census was only carried out partially in Trincomalee district<\/em><\/p>\n

Independence for the Thamils have meant slow liquidation of their identity as a Nation\u00a0 that\u00a0 lived in well defined territory with their own language, arts, culture, customs and heritage. They have been living in the Northeast historically for several centuries.<\/p>\n

On February 4, 1948\u00a0 2\u00a0 million Thamils of Ceylon exchanged their white masters (British) for the brown sahibs the Sinhalese. It was like jumping from the frying pan into the fire.<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka, then Ceylon, would not have gained independence from Britain without the support and consent of the Thamil people. That was \u00a0 exactly what happened on that fateful day! Thamil legislators trusting D.S.Senanayake<\/a><\/span> almost voted with their feet\u00a0 giving a 4\/5 majority\u00a0 for the constitutional recommendations.\u00a0\u00a0 These constitutional recommendations were largely those of the 1944 Board of Ministers’ draft, a document reflecting the influence of D.S. Senanayake behind the scene\u00a0 and his main advisor, Sir Ivor Jennings. It ushered in Dominion status and Independence to Sri Lanka then Ceylon in 1948.<\/p>\n

On the eve of the arrival of Soulbury<\/a><\/span> Commissioners,\u00a0\u00a0 D.S.Senanayake\u00a0 master-minded the appointment of Arunachalam Mahadeva<\/a><\/span> to the Pan Sinhala Board of Ministers\u00a0 as the Minister of Home Affairs to project a “Ceylonese” vision for Sri Lanka, i.e., co-operation of all the ethnic and minority religious groups. It was a diplomatic coup by Senanayake and the Commissioners fell for the ruse ignoring past history.<\/p>\n

The Thamil Congress, led by Ponnambalam,\u00a0 argued\u00a0 for\u00a0 50-50 representation, an artificial\u00a0 concept doomed to failure in the face of\u00a0\u00a0 “one man-one vote” concept thoroughly accepted in European liberalism. However, the Kandyan<\/a><\/span> Sinhalese were more pragmatic and wiser. They proposed a Federal scheme where the Up-country region, the Low-country, and the North would be three federal states. Their suggestions were rejected by the commissioners who found no merit in the federal proposals.<\/p>\n

In fact,\u00a0 it was the Thamil leaders like Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan<\/a><\/span> (1851-1930) and Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam<\/a><\/span> (1853-1924) who fearlessly spearheaded the struggle for constitutional reforms that led to independence from colonial yoke.<\/p>\n

However, the Ponnambalam brothers in their evening of life realised that the Sinhalese politicians have let them down the garden path and taken them for a ride to advance the interests of the majority community at the expense of the Thamil people. Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan foresaw that the democratic principle of one-person one vote in a heterogeneous society would ultimately lead to tyranny of\u00a0 the majority.<\/p>\n

In a speech to the Legislative Council during the debate on the Donoughmore<\/a><\/span> Reforms, Mr. Ramanathan appears the precursor of the Thamils demand for a sovereign state of Thamil Eelam.<\/p>\n

“Why did the (Donoughmore) Commissioners not study Ireland, which is next door to them? They (Irish) said that we are one lot and you are another. We cannot work together. We must have separate governments. Then I ask what happened in the Dominion of Canada? The officials concerned said, it is an impossible situation…. Let us give these French descendants one form of government and let us give the other people another form of government – forms of government suitable to the interests of each of these great big communities. Why did the Commissioners think of that?”<\/p>\n

It was Sir Arunachalam Ponnambalam who first (1923) exhorted the Thamils that –<\/p>\n

“they should work towards promoting the union and solidarity of what we have been proud to call THAMIL EELAM. We desire to preserve our individuality as a people, to make ourselves worthy of inheritance. We are not enamoured about the cosmopolitanism which would make us neither fish, fowl nor red-herring.”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

D.S.Senanayake, the first Prime Minister of independent Ceylon, gave the following solemn promise to the Thamil and other minority communities “no harm need you (non-Sinhalese) fear at our hands (Sinhalese) in a free Lanka.” He was speaking in the State Council in October 1945 when all the Thamil members had unanimously voted for the acceptance of the Soulbury constitution in a White Paper.<\/p>\n

“Do you want to be governed from London or do you want, as Ceylon, to help govern Ceylon? On behalf of the (Ceylon National) Congress (founded by Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam in 1919) and on my behalf, I give the minority communities the sincere assurance that no harm need you fear at our hands in a free Lanka.”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

But in 1948, the very year of Independence, D.S.Senanayake blatantly went back on the promise and bared his true colours as an unrepentant\u00a0 champion of Sinhala chauvinism by depriving one million Thamils of their citizenship.<\/p>\n

The Citizenship Act No.18 was unique in that it denied citizenship to a person born in the country before or after 1948 unless, at least, his father was born in or was a citizen of Sri Lanka. The following year, the same Thamils were deprived of their franchise rights by a simple amendment to the \u00a0Parliamentary<\/em> Elections Ordinance \u00a0<\/em>that stated only citizens\u00a0 have the right to vote in elections. This <\/em>\u00a0reduced Thamils representation in Parliament\u00a0 from 33 in 1948 to a mere 20 in 1952.<\/p>\n

The Citizenship Act No. 18 of 1948 opened the floodgates to further legislative and administrative acts, which robbed Thamils of their language, educational, and employment rights.<\/p>\n

It might be informative at this stage to recapitulate the history of the National conflict between the Thamil Nation and the Sinhala Nation.<\/p>\n

National Conflict Between the Thamil Nation and the Sinhala Nation<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Thamils and the Sinhalese are divided on the basis of territory, language, religion, and culture. The enmity between the Thamils and the Sinhalese go back to at least two centuries before Christ.<\/p>\n

The Mahavamsa, a Buddhist chronicle written in the 6th century AD by a Buddhist monk<\/a><\/span> portrays the Naga King Dutugemunu as the National Hero who defeated the Thamil King Ellalan and unified the whole of Ceylon. Though Buddhism infinitely values human life as being the one and only condition from which nibbana (salvation) could be attained, Mahavamsa<\/a><\/span> made a virtue of killing in defence of Buddhism. This 5th century AD chronicle\u00a0 has been used to raise the cry of Race, Land and Faith by the Sinhalese-Buddhist chauvinistic forces during the past\u00a0 years.<\/p>\n

The Mahavamsa has perpetrated the myth that Sinhalese-Buddhists are a chosen people with the special mission of preserving the Buddhist religion in Sri Lanka. Dr.Walpola Rahula<\/a><\/span>, a scholar monk, wrote “for more than two millennia the Sinhalese have been inspired that they were a nation brought into being for the definite purpose of carrying the torch lit by Buddha.”<\/p>\n

In Mahavamsa tradition the Thamils are considered\u00a0 unbelievers, villains and invaders. It is the Mahavamsa theory that the Island as a whole belongs to the Sinhalese Buddhists only, and that there is no place or only second class status for Thamils. This Mahavamsa tradition is the root cause of the present conflict between the Thamil Nation and the Sinhala Nation.<\/p>\n

Those who wish to see an end to the national question\u00a0 would have to take into consideration the Mahavamsa mind-set. For it is the Mahavamsa mode of thinking which has influenced all the rulers, especially the governments of post independence Ceylon.<\/p>\n

Broken Promises and Pacts<\/strong><\/p>\n

The planned state-aided colonization of Thamil traditional Homelands, the Sinhala Only Act, the recognition of Buddhism as the state religion, the lion flag as the national flag, the national anthem and the stubborn insistence on a unitary constitution are manifestations of the Mahavamsa mind-set deeply embedded in the Sinhalese psyche. Initiatives in the past to settle the national question\u00a0 by the signing of the Bandaranaike<\/a><\/span> -Chelvanayakam pact (1957), Dudley Senanayake<\/a><\/span>– Chelvanayakam<\/a><\/span> pact (1965), and the Indo-Ceylon Accord (1987) failed because of this single factor.<\/p>\n

Colonization<\/strong><\/p>\n

Through\u00a0 systematic state-aided Sinhalese colonisation of the traditional homelands of the Thamils, the demographic profile of the Thamils has been drastically altered. In the Eastern Province, the once majority Thamil community (53.54\u00a0 in 1921) has been reduced to a minority 39.79 in 2012 (42.06 in 1981) whereas the percentage of Sinhalese rose from 4.53\u00a0 in 1921 to a staggering 23.15 in 2012 (24.99 in 1981).<\/p>\n

TABLE 2<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Island wide the Thamil population also declined steeply from 26.69 in 1901 to 15.37 in 2012 as shown by the following Table 3:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

In 1946 the\u00a0 Thamils (both Ceylon and Thamils of Indian origin) constituted 22.75\u00a0 (1,514,300) and Sinhalese 69.41 (4,620,500), but in 2011 the Thamil population declined to 15.37\u00a0 (3,113,247) while the Sinhalese population rose to 74.88 (15,173,820). This decline is reflected in the dilution of their parliamentary representation as the following\u00a0 Table 4 shows:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The repatriation of\u00a0 525,000 Thamils\u00a0 of Indian origin\u00a0 in the seventies reduced their population from 1,174,900 in 1971 to 818,700 in 1981.<\/p>\n

Sinhala Army\u00a0 of Occupation<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are more than 265 Sri Lankan army, naval and air force camps (about 90 of total camps in Sri Lanka) scattered throughout the North and East.\u00a0 In the North alone there are army camps in 153 Grama Niladhari Divisions. \u00a0Out of a total of 20 Divisions 17 are stationed in the North (15) and East (2) consisting of\u00a0 more than 150,000 soldiers. Along A9 highway there are over 30 army camps. The heartland of\u00a0 Vanni is dotted with army cantonments, army camps, naval and air force bases. The army has taken to cultivation on lands previously owned by the Thamil people in a big way.<\/p>\n

West of the Iranamadu Tank\u00a0 and\u00a0 East of the A-9 highway 25 acres of land are being cultivated by the army with vegetables; in Theravil, almost 150 acres of\u00a0 land are being cultivated by the army with fruit trees, in Vellamkulam, about 600 acres of land are being cultivated by the army with cadjunuts,\u00a0 in Mukkombu 100 acres of land are being cultivated by the army with coconuts; in Chunnavil, 600 acres of lands are being cultivated by the army with cadjunuts.\u00a0 These are all in\u00a0 Vanni. A large extent of paddy fields under village tanks are being cultivated by the army. The army is engaging in all these activities in lands previously owned by Thamils.\u00a0 These areas are out of bounds for civilians.<\/p>\n

In Murugandy a mega housing scheme consisting of 10,000 houses covering 12,000 acres of fertile land previously owned by Thamil peasants is ready for occupation by army personnel.\u00a0 The housing scheme\u00a0 built by Chinese is complete with all infra-structural facilities like roads, schools, hospitals, water, electricity etc. The displaced Thamils have been asked to fend for themselves in welfare centres.<\/p>\n

In the Jaffna peninsula a\u00a0 total of 716 private properties are under occupation by the army. Out of these, 378 lands are with houses, 283 are plain lands and 46 lands are business buildings. The SLA has also seized 9 public lands for its use outside the HSZ. Further 253 lands are under the control of the Sri Lanka Navy, 123 of these are with houses, 104 plain lands, 7 lands with commercial buildings and 19 public lands. 64 lands are under the control of the Sri Lanka Police, 57 of these lands are with houses, 5 plain lands and at least one with a commercial building. Now, the SL military is seeking to legalise the seizure to enable itself to establish permanent cantonments in Jaffna.<\/p>\n

2013 Budget The 2013 budget envisages a 13.5 percent increase in spending from 2.22 trillion rupees to 2.52 trillion rupees (US$19.5 billion). Total Projected Income for year 2013 Rs. 1,280.00 Billion resulting in a Budget Deficit of Rs. 1,240.00 Billion. In 2012 the budget deficit was Rs 468 billion.<\/p>\n

Like in the past years a major chunk of the budget is allocated for the Defence and Urban Development Ministry with 289.5 billion rupees. The amount is an increase of nearly Rs. 60 billion from last year\u2019s allocations of 229.9 billion rupees, an increase of 26.\u00a0 The Ministry of\u00a0 Rehabilitation and Prison Reforms\u00a0 has been allocated\u00a0 a pittance of\u00a0 Rs.500 million!<\/p>\n

The total maximum borrowing for 2013 has been increased by 12.6 percent from 2012 to 1.3 trillion. The debt repayment expenditure in 2013 will rise to 1,154 billion rupees ($US9.1 billion) from 914 billion rupees in 2012, a 26 percent increase. Total outstanding loans were 6,262 billion rupees, a 23 percent increase over the previous year. Of that total, external foreign currency loans accounted for 2,981 billion rupees, up by nearly 33 .<\/p>\n

Sri Lanka is maintaining the largest army in the world on a per capita basis. Sri Lanka’s population of 21 million has a standing army of 500,000. Ninety-five percent of the army consists of\u00a0 Sinhalese.\u00a0 This means that there is a soldier\u00a0 for every 42\u00a0 persons in the population. India has an army of\u00a0 1.13 \u00a0million and a population of 1020 million, which means a ratio of one soldier to 916 people. On the Sri Lankan ratio India has to have a standing army of 10.2 million.<\/p>\n

There are\u00a0 144 government MPs in Parliament out whom 68\u00a0 are Ministers and 28 are\u00a0 Deputy\u00a0 Ministers.\u00a0 It cost around Rs. 400 million per Minister per month (about 3 million US dollars). The government also proposes to appoint 25 District Ministers. That will escalate the number of Ministers to 121 leaving only 23 ordinary MPs. The tragedy is Mahinda Rajapaksa gets away with jumbo cabinet, corruption, nepotism and authoritinism\u00a0 without much ado.<\/p>\n

Human Rights Violations<\/strong><\/p>\n

In its Word Report\u00a0 the Human Rights Watch slammed the\u00a0 Sri Lankan government claiming ” Sri Lanka continued its assault on civil society and failed to take meaningful steps towards accountability for war crimes during the country\u2019s armed conflict that ended in 2009.<\/p>\n

There was no fundamental progress on key human rights issues in Sri Lanka over the past year, Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/span> said. Overly broad detention powers remained in place under various laws and regulations, leaving several thousand people detained without charge. State security forces committed arbitrary arrests and torture, including sexual assault, against ethnic minority Thamils. Repatriated Thamils allegedly linked to the defeated Liberation Tigers of Thamil Eelam (LTTE) were at particular risk, Human Rights Watch research found. While the Thamil population in the north benefitted from greater access by humanitarian groups, the military presence kept living conditions from being normalized.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Sri Lankan government needs to address the many problems that undermine basic rights for people in the war-torn North and East,\u201d said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch. \u201cJustice and accountability for abuses, an end to torture in detention, and ending constraints on basic liberties continue to prove elusive for the Thamil population.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The UN Human Rights Council<\/a><\/span>, responding to the government\u2019s prolonged failure to investigate alleged laws of war violations, adopted a resolution in March 2012 calling on Sri Lanka to take all necessary steps to ensure justice and accountability.<\/p>\n

\u201cUN member states have made it clear through the Human Rights Council resolution in March and the Universal Periodic Review<\/a><\/span> hearings in November that Sri Lanka needs to make fast and meaningful progress on its rights commitments,\u201d Adams said. \u201cThe Sri Lankan government should recognize that its past stalling tactics have run their course and that it will need to take real action.\u201d<\/p>\n

President Mahinda Rajapaksa and his siblings continued the trend of recent years to accumulate power at the expense of democratic institutions, including the judiciary, and constrict free speech and association. The government targeted civil society through threats and surveillance. Statements by government officials and government-controlled media named and threatened human rights defenders who called for accountability for wartime abuses or criticized other government policies.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is ample evidence that Sri Lanka\u2019s current government acts to serve its own interests at great cost to democratic institutions and equal treatment of all communities,\u201d said Adams.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen a government fails to protect the rights of its citizens, the need for international action increases,\u201d Adams said. \u201cThe international community in 2012 focused renewed attention on Sri Lanka, and given the lack of progress on accountability and the shrinking political space, should continue to do so.\u201d<\/p>\n

But for Mahinda Rajapaksa it is business as usual. He has sacked the Chief Justice Dr.Shirani Bandaranayke<\/a><\/span> with minimum fall out. The \u00a0unprecedented constitutional crisis elicited only\u00a0 a yawn.\u00a0 It has not made any dent on the popularity of the government. Mahinda Rajapaksa\u00a0 continues to ride on the wave of Sinhala nationalism.\u00a0 The black coated fraternity which threatened not to recognize any new Chief Justice\u00a0 has\u00a0 now fallen in line.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

The government unlike last time, is taking things easy about the forthcoming 22 nd sessions of the UNHRC in Geneva in March, 2013. No Ministers will take wings to Geneva only diplomats will attend. Foreign Minister G.L. Peiris<\/a><\/span> says Sri Lanka will lobby enough votes to defeat US resolution.\u00a0 He\u00a0 is confident that unlike last time\u00a0 India will support Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n

There is no progress in the implementation of the LLRC<\/a><\/span> recommendations. The Army says it will not withdraw from North and East. In fact the army is building more bases and refusing to dismantle the HSZs it is occupying. The Thamils IDPs in their thousands continue to languish in camps and welfare centres. In short militarization, Sinhalization and Budhistization of the North and East continue merrily.<\/p>\n

Not withstanding the fact that the Thamils are in the political doldrums, economic stagnation and social strangulation since independence, we should not lose heart\u00a0 but fight back peacefully\u00a0 to regain our lost freedom and dignity. \u00a0It may not<\/strong> be within our\u00a0 power, may not<\/strong> be in our time<\/strong>,\u00a0 but if\u00a0 we choose to stand firm, unrelenting and continue to resist we shall prevail one day.<\/p>\n

*<\/em>Veluppillai Thangavelu\u00a0<\/strong>is a Tamil Canadian of Thamil Eelam origin. His native village is Colombothurai in the outskirts of Jaffna Municipality. He was born on February 10, 1933\u00a0\u00a0in a modest farming family.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

He joined the Government Clerical Service in 1952. Later he joined the Local Government Service as an Accountant and served in Jaffna Municipal Council (1966-1972) Batticaloa Municipal Council (1972-1973) Dehiwela Mt. Lavania Municipal Council (1973-1977) and Colombo Municipal Council (1977-1980). He was also acting Municipal Commissioner (1967-1968) of Jaffna Municipality.\u00a0<\/em>In 1980 he joined the\u00a0Bauchi State<\/strong>\u00a0(Nigeria) Audit department as Principal Auditor.\u00a0<\/em>In 1987 he resigned his post and migrated to Canada and joined A. A. Jamal Associates, Chartered Accountants, Markham as an Auditor. He retired in 1995.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

He is the author of\u00a0Sothidap Puraddu<\/strong>(Astrology is Fraud) which was released in Thamil Nadu in 2006 by Periyaar Dravidar Kazhakam and in Canada in 1997. This book (700 pages) in Thamil is the first to comprehensively debunk astrology as a pseudo \u00a0science with facts and figures.<\/em><\/p>\n

Thangavelu is the President of\u00a0Thamil Creative Writers Association<\/strong>\u00a0(TCWA)\u00a0<\/strong>founded in 2002.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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