{"id":78650,"date":"2013-03-23T10:13:20","date_gmt":"2013-03-23T10:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?p=78650"},"modified":"2013-03-26T18:26:10","modified_gmt":"2013-03-26T18:26:10","slug":"towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s=Michael+Roberts&amp;x=8&amp;y=5\">Michael Roberts<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5413\" style=\"width: 126px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/facing-two-angry-tamils-interpretations-of-past-and-present\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5413\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5413\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5413\" title=\"Dr Michael Roberts colombotelegraph\" src=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"116\" height=\"149\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5413\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr Michael Roberts<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>As the rift between the majority Sinhalese and the Sri Lankan Tamil minority in Sri Lanka widened from 1956 onwards the spatial centres of Tamil leadership moved by the 1980s from those who combined roots in Colombo and the Jaffna Peninsula to those firmly positioned within the Peninsula. The LTTE became both agency and master of this process. The exigencies of war led to a further shift in nodality from Jaffna town to the Kilinochchi-Mullaitivu complex from 1996 onwards. Population shifts were part of this transformation. The essay outlines the complex paths of Tamil migration and the principal factors generating these changes. War and nationalist sentiments were at the heart of the tale. Despite its own forms of oppressive authoritarianism, the LTTE\u2019s record of resistance to state terror and its effective martyr-propaganda meant that the majority of Tamil people in the northern reaches were subjectively aligned as citizens of <em>Th\u0101mil\u012blam<\/em>. To see them, in 2008, as citizens of Sri Lanka is an imposition.<\/p>\n<p>You can read the full article <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sar.sagepub.com\/content\/33\/1\/57.refs\">here<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/43b-militia\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-78651\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78651\" title=\"43b-militia\" src=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43b-militia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"462\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43b-militia.jpg 462w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43b-militia-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/44b-armed-militia\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-78652\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78652\" title=\"44b-armed militia\" src=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44b-armed-militia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44b-armed-militia.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44b-armed-militia-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/44c-miltitia-with-guns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-78653\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78653\" title=\"44c-miltitia with guns\" src=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44c-miltitia-with-guns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44c-miltitia-with-guns.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/44c-miltitia-with-guns-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/43c-militia\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-78654\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-78654\" title=\"43c-militia\" src=\"http:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43c-militia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43c-militia.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/43c-militia-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Makkaal padai\u00a0<strong>\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>civilians training in the Vanni in 2007\u00a0\u00a0<em>source<\/em><strong><em> =\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/aruchuna.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">aruchuna.net<\/a><\/em><em>\u00a0&amp;<a href=\"http:\/\/telavison.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">telavison.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":5413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colombotelegraph","category-constitutional-reforms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010  - Colombo Telegraph<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010  - Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Colombo Telegraph\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-03-23T10:13:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2013-03-26T18:26:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"116\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"149\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/\",\"name\":\"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010 - Colombo Telegraph\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-03-23T10:13:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2013-03-26T18:26:10+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9db3d0cfcfa59e1997e3c3524d454cb3\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg\",\"width\":\"116\",\"height\":\"149\",\"caption\":\"Dr Michael Roberts\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/\",\"name\":\"Colombo Telegraph\",\"description\":\"In journalism truth is a process\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9db3d0cfcfa59e1997e3c3524d454cb3\",\"name\":\"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/920b3181b0bf86b5c339ad9f0963a89f6a8b19c4b971e629987a021ba7a663df?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/920b3181b0bf86b5c339ad9f0963a89f6a8b19c4b971e629987a021ba7a663df?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/colombo_telegraph\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010  - Colombo Telegraph","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010  - Colombo Telegraph","og_description":"[&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/","og_site_name":"Colombo Telegraph","article_published_time":"2013-03-23T10:13:20+00:00","article_modified_time":"2013-03-26T18:26:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":116,"height":149,"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/","name":"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010 - Colombo Telegraph","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg","datePublished":"2013-03-23T10:13:20+00:00","dateModified":"2013-03-26T18:26:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9db3d0cfcfa59e1997e3c3524d454cb3"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg","width":"116","height":"149","caption":"Dr Michael Roberts"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/towards-citizenship-in-thamililam-the-tamil-people-of-the-north-1983-2010\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Towards Citizenship In Th\u0101mil\u012blam: The Tamil People Of The North, 1983-2010"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/","name":"Colombo Telegraph","description":"In journalism truth is a process","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9db3d0cfcfa59e1997e3c3524d454cb3","name":"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/920b3181b0bf86b5c339ad9f0963a89f6a8b19c4b971e629987a021ba7a663df?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/920b3181b0bf86b5c339ad9f0963a89f6a8b19c4b971e629987a021ba7a663df?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"COLOMBO TELEGRAPH"},"url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/author\/colombo_telegraph\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/dr-michael-roberts-colombotelegraph.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78650"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78669,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78650\/revisions\/78669"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}