By Shyamon Jayasinghe –

Shyamon Jayasinghe

“Sri Lanka has a serious problem in its hands of having low critical levels in its population. There is urgent need for a revolution in our school and mass education”

The Phenomenon

Judging by the crowds he is gathering around him this latest monk – sensation in Sri Lanka is on a success tide. Thousands pilgrimage to him at home. The rich and the poor liberally donate pirikara or gifts. Ambitious politicians flock around hoping for sponsorship. Overseas, an eager diaspora awaits  him. There is strangely little distinction between the educated classes and the barely illiterate when it comes to religious following among Third World people. The poorer the people the more religiosity. The readiness to believe prevails. Critical faculties are pushed aside. This is the stuff of life!

The  Claim of Arahat Status

Briefly put, Revd. Pitiduwe Sri Samanthabhadra self-claims he has reached the summit of Arahat state. In Theravada Buddhism there are three states before reaching Buddhahood or enlightenment. These are (in order of ascent) Sowan, Sakurdagamee, Anagaami and Arahat. Being the sublime state just before hitting the target, Arahat is a condition of great ‘holiness.’ An arahat is a person who has eliminated all the unwholesome roots which underlie the fetters– who upon their death will not be reborn in any world, since the bonds (fetters) that bind a person to the smasara have been finally dissolved. In the Pali Canon, the term ‘tathagatha,’ is sometimes used as a synonym for arahant, though the former usually refers to the Buddha alone. 

Photo credit | Facebook page Siri Sadaham Ashramaya

The Mahisasaka and the Theravada regarded arhats and buddhas as being similar to one another. The 5th century Theravadin commentator Buddhagosa regarded arhats as having completed the path to enlightenment. According to Bhikku Bodi the Pali Canon portrays the Buddha declaring himself to be an arahant. According to Bhikkhu Bodhi, nirvāṇa is “the ultimate goal”, and one who has attained nirvana has attained arahantship: Bhikkhu Bodhi writes, “The defining mark of an arahant is the attainment of nirvāṇa in this present life.”

Methodological Problem

Let us examine the monk’s claim through the lenses of scientific thought. The first thing that occurs to me is how could a claim of an individual be tested for truth by others? It is just a claimant’s claim and it emerges and ends inside the latter’s psyche. If you visit any mental hospital you are bound to meet a patient who claims he is ‘emperor.’  In the latter instance at least you know the man is sick and thereupon you just pass on without being impressed. On the other hand, even in a perfectly normal-looking man delusions can occur. On the assumption that the latter’s claim is sincerely and honestly being made it is human experience that self-delusions do occur- at least temporarily. Given that such assumption cannot be made then the claimant is a poser or pretender and society has to be cautious of him. My problem is that there simply isn’t any evidence for accepting our Revd Samanthabhadra’s claim to this supreme state.

Absence of Peer Support

The result is that this monk’s version of himself has been disregarded and viewed with suspicion by the rest of the Sanga or community of monks in Sri Lanka and overseas. When the monk goes overseas he takes with him two young faithfuls to demonstrate the sanga community’s acceptance of his claim to arahathood. The pic in this article was taken from the recent Melbourne presentation of this monk. Note how the two young monks are seated at several levels lower than him. Revd Samanthabhadra is seated atop in a special chair. In Sri Lanka he has something like a throne and he is enthroned! The organizers could not get a Melbourne monk to do that as there is no peer acceptance of the claim by the monk. They managed to get some pretty girls to present flowers to the monk.

Eloquence

One sure thing about Revd Samanthabhadra is his impressive articulation of ideas. The gift of the tongue is what carries him. And, to be honest, he does come out with some good insight and ideas. The audience is rarely disappointed and so had been the Melbourne crowd. He has a great flexibility of mind and an impressive intellectual presence. It isn’t all fair to condemn him all round as many critics are prone to do.

Criticism

There are some studied critical observations about this monk in a published article by Professor Kapila Abhayawansa. Professor Abhayawnasa is Vice-Rector at the Interntional Buddhist College in Thailand and Professor of Buddhist Studies. He is among the best of Sri Lankan Buddhist scholars today. Professor Abhayawansa believes that Revd Samanthabhadra is insulting the religion rather than extolling it. He has based his observations on a study of the numerous Yutube presentations of the latter’s performances. 

Reading Abhayawanse and adding my own perception of him there isn’t any doubt that the monk is a public performer. Revd Samanthahadra wants effect or impact. Like a theatre man, he performs for an audience. The audience is the key thing and he knows that.

Imitates Buddha

Professor Kapila notes that this monk has tuned in his appearances to be like that of the Buddha himself. Says Professor Kapila, that often he emerges in the style of the Buddha’s appearance as described in the Sutta texts, resonating with the sermons of the Buddha at Jethawanaramaya. The monk’s faithfulls have studied that and they make elaborate colourful arrangements. The path is strewn with flowers and the Bana Mandapaya is special. As he makes his entry, he is applauded with a greeting that was exactly what was given to the Buddha at Jethavanaramaya. The monk acknowledges that royal greeting and sits. Says Abhayawansa,“This is the first time in the long and ancient history of the sanga that was established by Sariyuth Mugalan, do we observe a local monk doing an ‘actor’s role’ like this.” 

The fact is, according to our Professor, that Revd Samanthabhadra equates himself to the Buddha-himself.  The very term, ‘Samanthabhadra,’ is an optional usage for the Buddha.

The Professor states that in many of his sermons Revd Samanthabhadra suggests that he has “revealed the truth,” that others haven’t revealed. To Buddhists, this appears as another attempt to be on par with the Buddha. Buddhists, on the other hand, believe that after the Enlightened One there is no more truth to be revealed. The central truth first revealed by the Buddha is the truth that reality is governed by the operation of Prtatiya Samuppada ( Dependent Origination). It is explains our predicament and explains how to emancipate ourselves from that. Samanthabhadra is observed twisting that doctrine in order to give the impression that it is something of his own originality.

Thirdly, Professor Kapila observes that whenever he is accused by someone of certain weaknesses the monks turns around and attempts to rationalise these lapses by arguing that the Buddha himself had such weaknesses. Once, when he was accused of taking photographs in layman’s kit-putting is robes away the monk charges that the Buddha himself did that. There is no evidence for such conduct by the Buddha, says the Professor.

Similarly,this monk is accused of hurling  inappropriate language at critics who question his claims to arahthood. In defence, the monk states that such accusations were also made of the Buddha. Professor Kapila points out that this is not true as all Sutta texts refer in glowing terms about the great dignity with which the Buddha spoke and met his critics.

Distortions

Fourth, Profesor Kapila mentions some instances where Revd. Samantha Bhadra has distorted Buddha’s teaching. He gives the example of the monk’s interpretation of the arising of Bhavaya. According to the Buddha, Bhavaya arises from attachment (Upaadaana). On the other hand, this monk states that bhavaya does not necessarily derive from attachment. This monk has also stated that all religions assert the same thing. This is absolutely false, urges professor Kapila.

Body Language

Professor Kapila also  makes references to the body language, mannerisms and gestures of this monk and describes them as being far removed from that of an arahant. I thought as much the many times I have observed this monk in action. Even on the bed of flowers arranged for him to walk on he  gesticulates in a most ungainly manner.An arahat who has ‘extinguished all fires within,’ would be expected to walk in a detached way; but not so our arahat. Revd. Samanthabhadra speaks fast and actions with a rustic layman’s thrust. He shows belligerence. In fact, there was a report of him that alleged a physical duel with another monk at Kiribathgoda.

Critical Sense of our People

If the picture given above is true, then Sri Lanka has a serious problem in its hands of having low critical levels in its population. There is an urgent need for a revolution in our school and mass education. People are credulous and willing to believe anything.  This maybe why we have such poor politics and such poor governance in our country. What has our free education done for us? Our teachers have not imparted the vital discipline of critical thinking. Our school curriculum hasn’t got anything like this. Even students of science subjects confine their study to the subject specific area and never to the scientific mode of thinking on evidence lines and reasoning methods that lies underneath these subjects they do. Our print and digital media give no leadership here. Television time is taken by astrologers and soothsayers. Political leaders in their own publicly expressed superstitious worldviews only serve to consolidate the uncritical thinking-levels of our population; everytime they break coconuts at the Seenugama Devale, for instance, they help to crystallise public acceptance of superstition.