By ALMA Shameem –

Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious island nation that has experienced both the triumphs and challenges of diversity. With a population comprised of Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, Burghers, and other ethnic groups, the country’s identity is inherently pluralistic. Ethnic diversity can be a source of strength, providing a rich tapestry of cultures, perspectives, and talents that can drive national development. However, Sri Lanka’s history also reflects the dangers of ethnic division, with conflicts that have significantly hampered progress.

The path towards sustainable development in Sri Lanka necessitates a focus on ethnic unity. In this context, ethnic unity refers to harmonious coexistence and collaboration between different ethnic communities to achieve shared national goals. This unity is not about erasing cultural identities but rather fostering mutual respect, inclusiveness, and equity. The following discussion explores how ethnic unity can be a critical driver of development, drawing from the Sri Lankan experience.

Social Cohesion and Peaceful Coexistence

The importance of ethnic unity for social cohesion cannot be overstated. A country plagued by internal divisions finds it difficult to make substantial progress in development. Sri Lanka’s 30-year civil war, driven by ethnic tensions between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority, demonstrated how deeply entrenched divisions can hinder growth. The war led to economic stagnation, loss of lives, and the destruction of infrastructure. It diverted national resources away from development projects and towards military expenditure.

In contrast, peace and social harmony create a conducive environment for progress. Post-war Sri Lanka has experienced more stability, which has allowed the government and the private sector to invest in infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Ethnic unity fosters peaceful coexistence, reducing the likelihood of conflict and ensuring that resources can be channeled toward development rather than conflict resolution. A peaceful society attracts foreign investment, improves the quality of life, and enables long-term planning, all of which are vital for national development.

Inclusive Economic Development

Ethnic unity also plays a crucial role in inclusive economic development. When ethnic communities are alienated or marginalized, they are often left out of the development process. In Sri Lanka, various ethnic groups have historically faced economic disparities. The lack of economic opportunities exacerbated the feeling of alienation, which further fuelled discontent and division.

Inclusive economic development, on the other hand, ensures that all ethnic communities have equal access to resources, opportunities, and benefits. When economic policies are designed with inclusivity in mind, they can bridge the gaps between different ethnic groups. For example, investment in education and vocational training for marginalized communities can lead to greater participation in the economy. By empowering all ethnic groups, the nation as a whole becomes stronger and more competitive on the global stage.

Ethnic unity also encourages collaboration and entrepreneurship. When communities work together, sharing ideas and resources, innovation flourishes. The diversity of thought that arises from ethnic unity can lead to creative solutions to national problems, spurring economic growth. In this regard, ethnic unity is not just a moral imperative but also an economic asset.

Political Stability and Governance

Political stability is a critical factor in national development, and ethnic unity is essential for maintaining this stability. In Sri Lanka, ethnic tensions have often spilled over into the political arena, influencing elections, governance, and policymaking. The politicization of ethnicity has led to divisive politics, where leaders often cater to specific ethnic groups rather than the nation as a whole. This has resulted in policies that are sometimes exclusionary and fail to address the needs of all communities.

Building ethnic unity can lead to more inclusive governance. When all ethnic groups feel represented and heard in the political process, there is less likelihood of unrest or dissatisfaction. Inclusive governance can create policies that reflect the aspirations of the entire population, leading to more effective and sustainable development. Moreover, political stability attracts foreign investors, who prefer to invest in countries where the political climate is predictable and stable.

Cultural Exchange and National Identity

Ethnic unity also contributes to a richer, more cohesive national identity. Sri Lanka’s diversity can be harnessed to create a national identity that is inclusive of all its citizens, regardless of their ethnic background. Cultural exchange between different ethnic groups fosters understanding and respect, breaking down stereotypes and misconceptions. This, in turn, strengthens the social fabric of the nation.

A strong, inclusive national identity is crucial for development. It promotes a sense of belonging and loyalty to the country, encouraging citizens to contribute positively to national progress. When citizens see themselves as part of a united nation, they are more likely to engage in activities that benefit the country as a whole, whether through entrepreneurship, innovation, or social service.

The Way Forward

For Sri Lanka, the path forward involves actively promoting ethnic unity through various mechanisms. Educational reforms that emphasize the importance of diversity, the promotion of bilingualism, and inter-ethnic interactions in schools can lay the groundwork for future generations to appreciate and respect ethnic differences. Policies that promote inclusive economic development, particularly in historically marginalized areas, are also essential.

Furthermore, political leaders have a significant role to play in promoting ethnic unity. By prioritizing national unity over divisive rhetoric, leaders can set the tone for a more harmonious society. Civil society organizations also have a critical role in bridging ethnic divides through grassroots initiatives that promote dialogue, reconciliation, and mutual understanding.

Ethnic unity is not merely a social or political ideal—it is a prerequisite for national development in Sri Lanka. The country’s history has shown the devastating effects of ethnic division, but its future can be brighter if all communities come together to build a peaceful, inclusive, and prosperous nation. By fostering ethnic unity, Sri Lanka can unlock its full potential and achieve sustainable development for all its citizens.