26 April, 2024

Blog

The Story Of The Escapee Genie

By Mahesan Niranjan

Prof. Mahesan Niranjan

Prof. Mahesan Niranjan

It was a day in the year 1976. A teen aged boy returning from his calculus class stops his bicycle at a political rally and listens to persuasive arguments from the stage. It was, in the eyes of the young boy, emotional, narrow minded nationalistic thinking at its very worst.

“It is all the fault of the ‘other’,” the young boy heard the speaker lament. “It is all because of them, it is they who have controlled our economy, sent troops and bombs to suppress us, erased our great identity, and taken away our sovereignty. It is their fishermen who sail down here and take our fish away. We should be free to mind our own affairs and re-establish the greatness we once had,” speaker after speaker thundered from that stage.

There, however, was no acknowledgement of the societal injustices we ourselves had created from within.

There, however, was no clear analysis of how feasible minding our own business was going to be.

There, however, was no plan of how to move from freeing ourselves from the clutches of the other, to that imagined state of milk and honey flowing in our very own sovereign state.

There, however, was no acceptance that the problems of our few that were being exaggerated to take us down a path that was going to affect us all.

Aspiration of a few power hungry politicians to take control of their party was to be confused with a far more serious issue of how to tackle known problems.

Emotion drove a people into the abyss.

S.J.V. Chelvanayakam

S.J.V. Chelvanayakam

The event the young boy witnessed, readers of Colombo Telegraph will readily recognize, was the Vaddukkoddai resolution of the Tamil nationalists in Sri Lanka, calling for the establishment of a separate state in the North and East of the country, being passed.

The genie that was let out that day in 1976 enjoyed a long field day starting with a killing spree and enjoying thirty years of war, the end of which came about only by the total destruction of a community and its way of life. Even seven years after its bitter end, you only need to travel two hundred yards in either direction perpendicular to the A9 highway to see its residual scars. That is the cost of letting the genie out.

It is now the year 2016.

This afternoon, on the eve of the referendum to decide if Great Britain should exit from the European Union, I met my friend and regular drinking partner, the Sri Lankan Tamil fellow, Sivapuranam Thevaram in the Bridgetown pub. Now a middle aged man with balding head and paayaasam belly, Thevaram remembered that day in 1976, when he cycled past the political rally after his calculus lesson.

Remain in Europe Campaign, Photograph by S. Thevaram 2016

Remain in Europe Campaign, Photograph by S. Thevaram 2016

All faults are caused by them, the campaigners for exit are heard saying.

It is them to whom we have surrendered our sovereignty; It is they who are making the rules we have to live by; it is they who will cross the Channel in large numbers and swamp the little piece of land we have lived in, in all its past Greatness and Glory; and it is them who are stopping us from catching as much fish as we like from our own waters.

There, however, is very little acknowledgement of the societal injustices that have been locally created and sustained over a long period of time.

There, however, is very little analysis of how feasible minding our own business is going to be in such an integrated world of today.

There, however, is no plan as to how this transition from the clutches of Brussels bureaucracy to us taking control shall be effected.

There, however, is no appreciation of the diminished meaning of sovereignty in a world in which bankers and multi-national corporations hold so much power that tax evasion is routine and the “too big to fail” argument can trump any other call on the public purse.

Here, too, the genie is out. At least one killing and a couple of death threats have been recorded.

Aspiration of a few power hungry politicians to take control of their party is being confused with far more serious issues of how to tackle known problems.

Will ill-informed emotion drive these people into the abyss?

“We will know tomorrow, machan (buddy),” said Thevaram with a long sip of his beer followed by an equally long sigh.

Print Friendly, PDF & Email

Latest comments

  • 1
    0

    While the future British politics depends on its own leaders, at the very least the blame can be squarely placed and not pushed to unknown persons.

    • 11
      9

      Beer-fueled Mahesan Niranjan always finds things pin the blame on Tamils:

      May be he pretends not to know all the adverse treatment Tamils received from the Sinhala racist governments since independence.

      Or, he has things to gain by taking sides with the Sinhalese as some Tamils do.

      • 6
        5

        Well said Thiru! kudikaaran pechu (talk of a drunkard), as they say in Tamil.

      • 4
        6

        I ask this freaking Mahesan Niranjan, as Britain now exits the EU, and soon Scotland will want to exit the UK, why can’t the Tamils of North-East, just like the Scots, be given the right to vote for separation, as they did overwhelmingly in 1977?

        Just because you don’t like it, do you think it is not justifiable?

        You are an extremely selfish man pandering to the rulers whims to get crumbs.

        • 4
          3

          Dear Thiru: His piece is saying the 1977 vote by Tamils and Brexit have similarities. Blaming the problems on “others” than working to solve the problems. Please read before commenting and name-calling. Also read what Ranbandhu is saying, the politics of both SWRD and Chelva were about fooling their respective electorates. We the people, both Tamils and Sinhalese, were the eventual losers, as thirty years of history has shown.

        • 6
          3

          Thiru,

          “”I ask this freaking Mahesan Niranjan, as Britain now exits the EU, and soon Scotland will want to exit the UK, why can’t the Tamils of North-East, just like the Scots, be given the right to vote for separation, as they did overwhelmingly in 1977?””

          The school teacher is a specialist crowd controller who cannot do a thing in reshaping society.

          Brexit was the whole island voting In/Out. Scotland had it and at this juncture the losing Scots won’t have any of that to only become a smugglers paradise because Oil does not fetch the price for sustainability.
          Anyway Tamils have proudly held on to the irish card – Gun and justice.
          The diaspora is nothing more than former terrorist sympathisers.

          Above all the Tamils cannot think beyond their Marx, Lenin left movement where as the British think what is right and what is wrong and vote at 73% and as never before.

          The Brits are aware of Article 50 and the preliminaries during the 2 year when the curtain comes down.
          UK won’t be bullied by USA to carry out its bidding.
          What has Obama given you but Nandikadal- he must resign for forcing UK to stay within EU.
          Boris at least gave you stupid tamils a chance to throw eggs so what have the other Rev, SA (diaspora) voice boxes of diaspora done with Vaz and the woman?

          • 4
            0

            EP:
            “Above all the Tamils cannot think beyond their Marx, Lenin left movement”
            Are you serious?

            The Jaffna Tamil polity has been essentially anti-Left all along. A politically advanced section of the depressed communities and the small number of industrial workers were with the left, that was until Tamil nationalism took over totally in the 1970s.
            The Jaffna Muslims I would say were supportive of the Left in difficult times.
            Some of the best thinkers and activists of the Left, however, were Tamils.

            The Tamils have to think Left first before thinking beyond.
            Their tragedy was that the FP and TNA could not see beyond the tip of the nose when they launched various political projects.

          • 3
            0

            Prof. Niranjan consistently makes two mistakes for which he will not be forgiven by the Tamil ‘intellectual’:
            1. He displays a sense of humor.
            2. He laughs at the idiosyncrasies of his own community.

            If he was in Jaffna three decades ago someone may have found him undesirably close to a lamp-post.

            • 3
              0

              Surely, Sekara, the Lamp Post Department will do a thorough job and investigate where the man learnt (with much thank) any humour? Beware, a certain story of a cat and rat farm is in departmental files marked as setting the high standards amateurs aspire to achieve!

          • 3
            0

            Emanuel Perumal

            I was told one had to be a blind supporter of China if one wanted to be a true leftist, which meant aiming to transform this island into another North Korea.

            • 0
              0

              Present day Socialists have no Socialist Ideals. Now they socialize whenever it is ideal. I find many at OPA Bar.

        • 3
          0

          Thiru

          “as Britain now exits the EU, and soon Scotland will want to exit the UK”

          Not so fast.

          Brits know how to have the cake and eat it.

    • 4
      5

      Prof. Mahesan Niranjan

      //“It is all the fault of the ‘other’,” the young boy heard the speaker lament. “It is all because of them, it is they who have controlled our economy, sent troops and bombs to suppress us, erased our great identity, and taken away our sovereignty.”//

      //”There, however, is very little acknowledgement of the societal injustices that have been locally created and sustained over a long period of time.”//

      It is not out fault that we, the practice of Vellahala Hergemony discriminate
      against the non-Vellahala Tamils. It is part of our great civilization that allows the Vellahala to be on the top.

      //”Aspiration of a few power hungry politicians to take control of their party is being confused with far more serious issues of how to tackle known problems.”//

      //”Will ill-informed emotion drive these people into the abyss?”//

      This was a repeat of G G Ponnnabalams rejection of 60/40 as he wanted 50/50. It was their “fault” that they did not give the 5-0/50 G.G asked for.

      Well, well the Tamil bimodal IQ distributions, and onion price distributions, come to my mind. Were the IQ of the politicians closer to the mode near the origin?

      The Story Of Two Graphs drawn by A Tamil Man: By Mahesan Niranjan

      Onion Prices and Tamil IQ Distributions

      https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/the-story-of-two-graphs-drawn-by-a-tamil-man/onioniqdistributions/

      https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/the-story-of-two-graphs-drawn-by-a-tamil-man/

  • 8
    6

    Niranjan,
    “It is all the fault of the ‘other’”.. I thought this was only a usual thinking pattern of us, Sinhalese. But it looks like we both Sinhalese and Tamil inherited this quality of “putting the blame on others” and we are good concept… This is perhaps Hindu Buddhist cultural inheritance..
    We blaming our political leaders for everything (even mosquitos in our backyard) is a same kind of thinking..

    Alahakoon

    • 3
      0

      One of the great Greek Philosophers said (I dont get the name), if you are not capable of analysing your life, there want be any advancement in your life. That is what fail in our cultures; if we start analysing things, rights and the wrongs equally, then we know which direction we shoud go. What we usually do is to analyse only the good things and accept the praise; but if it comes to wrong things, things went bad, we just say it is not me, and the stalemate and no progress, no improvement. Thee is something went wrong in our culture, we are such scared to say that I made a mistake and to avoid it, we let the others take the dicision,then we can always say, it is not me. The people tend to live under dictators, because they can totally avoid making their own decisions, and they dont make any mistakes as well, other than taking no responsibility for their own life. Whoever did that wuld not want to give it away. That is atleast what happened in the case of Tamils and the LTTE. Actually we must ask ourselves was it such bad before the LTTE? if not who take the responsibilty for that it became such bad? We are responsible, because we allowed them to take the decison. And we are to be blamed. The same thing is happening among the Singhalese and one day they will, have decided on our own, it would have been better. The average singhalese man is trying to find the cuprit between MR and Ranil, but it is he who is to blame.

    • 4
      0

      “”“putting the blame on others” and we are good concept… This is perhaps Hindu Buddhist cultural inheritance.. “”

      You just admitted that you are capable of lying to self learnt from crusaders because you could revert back to priest, confess and be forgiven.

      i rarely see a westerner admitting he made a mistake but only sense of shame and public opinion makes him resign. haven’t you heard system out of order- yes it went out of order automatically.

      there is no lanka for you stay away.

  • 10
    6

    “It is all the fault of the ‘other’,” the young boy heard the speaker lament. “It is all because of them, it is they who have controlled our economy, sent troops and bombs to suppress us, erased our great identity, and taken away our sovereignty. It is their fishermen who sail down here and take our fish away. We should be free to mind our own affairs and re-establish the greatness we once had,” speaker after speaker thundered from that stage.”

    Mahesan Niranjan, thank you for reminding us of what Vaddukoddai Resolution managed to gift the innocent peace loving Tamils in the North. That was 1976. I was there visiting Vaddukoddai in 1978 as a young government servant and did not give a damn about the warning given by the head office about security and safety threats. It is obvious now and but was obvious to me then, the existence of Chelvanayagam and the gang of followers depended on the success of their social experiment. Mainly based on the Hypothesis that you have nicely phrased “It is all the fault of the ‘other’” Chelva did not wake-up one morning and realized that proving this hypothesis to be TRUE is his ticket to be the unchallenged ruler of a sovereign Tamil nation carved out of the land mass of unitary and sovereign nation of Sri Lanka. There were no social injustices inflicted on Tamils by any ordinary Sinhalese then or before that, Believe me on that, Chelva’s son Vaseeharan was known to me as a lecturer and later as a colleague of University of Ceylon. We spoke about many things including politics. When I attended Royal College, nearly 50% of my class mates were Tamil, which is way before 1976. Chelva knew most likely, deep down his heart that he was lying and instigating the Tamil people to rise against the “other” to achieve his objective to be the undisputed leader and the founding father of a Tamil Nation that he was dreaming of. He took this lesson from the book of political trickery of the dirtiest politician of Sri Lankan history; Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (SWRD Banda). Banda and his followers succeeded in deceiving the Sinhala-Buddhists of Sri Lanka by testing the hypothesis “It is all the fault of the ‘other’” For Banda the ‘other’ was “Non-Sinhala-Buddhists.” He was a scoundrel from Non- Sinhala Christian elitist family and achieved his objective cleverly (renounced Christianity and espoused Buddhism) and formed Sinhala Maha Sabah and Pancha Maha Balavegaya. Banda duped Sinhala-Buddhists very effectively, we as a nation continue to pay the price for failing to grasp the real meaning of Banda’s original Hypothesis. His gang of followers continues to reap the benefits of Banda’s theory even today. Chelva and his gang of followers failed to prove the hypothesis is true. But there are still few die-hard believers trying to prove “It is all the fault of the ‘other’” hypothesis is true; Chief Minister Wigneshwaran is one of them. As far as Banda’s gang is concerned, they will always find some entity to represent “OTHER”.

    • 8
      0

      Ranbandu:

      A fair analysis.

      If I may add, it looks like that except for a few of those who were “educated” more then 90% of the population (of all races) are basically emotional streaks without the capacity to use their brains who can be easily be maneuvered to behave like a flock of sheep. The people who are elected had to educate them but sadly they manipulate their weakness and just continue with the shadow-play.

      Like many immatured democracies, where most people do not understand the rights and duties to create a sustainable democracy there is not going to be shortage of politicians who will continue to drive the people to do crazy things. I had the occasion of doing an in-depth study of juries behaviour and decisions in more matured democracies as compared to the “struggling” ones. The glaring divide is very telling.

      Taking the place of their masters, they become even more tyrannical than their previous masters. It happened in Sri Lanka and it happened in many countries. It is the people who elect these tyrants, giving legitimacy to their tyrannical ways. This will be the continuation of a sad story for generations to come. Does it make us wonder whether stupidity has a price?

      • 7
        0

        “It is the people who elect these tyrants, giving legitimacy to their tyrannical ways.”

        This is true and one can keep on repeating it ad nauseam, but what other choices have the people got? Look around who else can they vote for? This is us; this is our essence.

        We are a few/many centuries behind the social evolutionary process. Any “apparent” evolution/advancement we have had in recent times wasn’t due to the natural progression of the evolutionary-process but due to the conquest of more “evolved” conquerors. So, the apparent “advancement” is imposed on us and totally artificial. If one can disassociate oneself from the Lankan situation and step back and observe, one can see the struggle the primitive man goes through daily, to come to terms with the imposed artificial “advancement.” This is true of every Lankan, in spite of how “educated” one might sound. And I don’t exclude myself; the only difference is I can see it.

        A primitive jungle tribe will not produce “modern” leaders after a brief visitation from “advanced” aliens. It’s just not going to happen.

        • 1
          1

          “It is the people who elect these tyrants, giving legitimacy to their tyrannical ways.”

          Nimal, Aren’t we trapped in a constitutional cocoon here where only the gangs of the political parties can take part in elections whether we like it or not?

          There was a genuine attempt to change this during the 100 day government by the JO but the president sold them to the wolves by persuading them to vote only for the 19th by promising that he take responsibility for the passage of the 20th.

        • 2
          0

          nimal fernando

          “A primitive jungle tribe will not produce “modern” leaders after a brief visitation from “advanced” aliens.”

          Mind your language.

        • 0
          0

          nimal:

          “This is true and one can keep on repeating it ad nauseam, but what other choices have the people got?”

          It is not that people don’t have choices, they just don’t have brains or mortgage their brains to their highest bidder.

      • 1
        2

        Jansee,

        Ranbandu says “Chelva knew most likely, deep down his heart that he was lying and instigating the Tamil people to rise against the “other” to achieve his objective to be the undisputed leader and the founding father of a Tamil Nation that he was dreaming of.”

        And you are saying Ranbandu analysis is fair.

        Is his description of Chelva accurate?

        Thanks

        • 3
          3

          At least Chandra Hassan the son experienced the stupidity of Hydrocele.
          Though villagers are still shell shocked and don’t know right from wrong but await idiots in the diaspora to guide them to their graves.
          Hoole must be loving it like the muslims.

        • 1
          0

          Anpu:

          I think you should have read my comment twice or thrice. I only said that the analysis was fair, not accurate. There cannot be any dispute on Thanthai Chelva’s endeavours to stand up for the oppressed Tamils. But you must not forget that there will be stand-up comedians entering the scene to divert the initial message. And that is what politics is all about. BTF and GTF gave thumps-up on the perceived initiatives of the new regime, and so did Sampanthan and his gang but today they are scrambling to do damage control. Notwithsstanding, Thanthai Chelva stands tall among Tamils.

    • 0
      0

      Ranbandu,

      Spot on. Couldn’t be truer!

    • 1
      0

      Ranbandu,
      Is it not what Ali Jinnah did to carve out a Pakistan.
      Couldn’t he have taken a lesson from that?

    • 2
      1

      “”this hypothesis to be TRUE is his ticket to be the unchallenged ruler of a sovereign Tamil nation carved out of the land mass of unitary and sovereign nation of Sri Lanka. “”

      The cat_o_lic first got a kiss from another Kochi racist- Dr Mahathir Mohamad then he flew across to Vaddukoddai.

      A copy for security but he did not have the 50% malays had because they too were buruvas that the colonial master prefered unlike application to Bahrain.

      Buruva wins often or life is a robot.

  • 3
    9

    In no way is your long overdue apology of Tamil chauvanism, ever going to allow our ancient Isle, into the anticipated realm of your Hindu-Dravidio Union.

  • 6
    5

    The young boy, even after 40 years haven’t learnt a thing. And some will never learn. This young boy has repeatedly exposed his stupidity in this column numerous times! He doesn’t yet to understand what the rights of the people mean. He apparently believes that the minority should be subservient to the majority and lick their rear!

    • 3
      5

      What “rights” did Chelvanayagam win for the Tamils?

  • 2
    5

    In the mean time Vellala Kid Abraham went to the poshest Anglican Schools, got a double degree (or is it just LLB), took oaths and made a killing .

    Now he is living the good life with missus and the kids ,and perhaps has a malt whisky too ,

    And getting ready to rule the ones who listened to the preachers in Vaddukkodai and missed out.

    Vellala Wigneswaran who now is the CM for Vaddukkodai as well, did even better by becoming a Senior Judge of the highest court of the Vaddukkodai enemies.

    And already rules the left overs from Vaddukkodai attendees..

    • 3
      0

      And what do you do Sumana, otherthan preaching hatred and blame the present leaders. you think you are doing a big service to the well being of all srilankans. No, you are jealous of everybody and you hate everybody…. because you believe that the only person who knows the truth is K.A.Sumanasekara and nobodyelse. What a pity!

  • 1
    2

    “They” and “Them” are all over the world. “We” and “us” are also all over the world but within countries “we” and “us” are mentioned at meetings of associations (Fronts, Movements etc. etc.). In Sri Lanka it is hardly mentioned as “We Sri Lankans” these days when those mandated with authority to seek solutions to national problems discuss because none of those does not know what a “National Problem” is.

    Presently Public Transport, Flooding, Solid Waste Disposal and Landslides are national problems and they are to be solved by Mega Polising. The rest is discussed in forums, which are followed by fellowship with VAT 69 or VAT 9. Cheers!

    • 0
      1

      A real Professional response.

      But it will be straight over the heads of Yahaplana suckers.

      Has the NGO funding dried up for them to use that Stuff after those big ass Forums …

  • 6
    0

    “It is all because of them, it is they who have controlled our economy, sent troops and bombs to suppress us, erased our great identity, and taken away our sovereignty. It is their fishermen who sail down here and take our fish away. We should be free to mind our own affairs and re-establish the greatness we once had,”
    Professor Mahesan Niranjan
    Can you spot any lie in those statements?
    No you cannot. AS a professor of computer science can’t you analyse it to see the truth?
    What an imbecile!!
    Just because you want to curry favours of the present government don’t decry great statesman.
    You may not have suffered at the hands of sinhala hooligans instigated by SWRD etal I know quite a few of my friends suffered even. Have you heard what happened to young A level students who were on their way to practical examination in December 1958??
    So please don’t talk rubbish.
    I know you are well off, did very well as a student because of your family, but others couldn’t because they were denied by the hooligans to sit for the exam.
    You say “There, however, was no acceptance that the problems of our few that were being exaggerated to take us down a path that was going to affect us all.”
    The affected may be a few to you Have you heard what happened to the Tamil shopkeepers and their property down south in 1956, 1958 ?
    Of course Not. To you all those are problems of a few. Have you heard of Sinhala only act which deprived the tamil clerical and civil servants progress? Ofcourse NOT.
    For you it didn’t matter as it did not affect your family.
    I am ok machchan the hell with others is your attitude.

    • 5
      1

      Well said PROUDMAN, this crooked professor is like some of the ‘pantham karayas’, who lick the ruling elite to get some crumbs.

    • 1
      5

      Hi PROUDMAN: Your “great statesman” tried to fool the world. Look at the name of his party. “Federal” in English. “Tamil Arsu” in Tamil. They are not the same, are they? If hundreds were killed in 1958 and tens of thousands were killed in 2009, did the vision of your “great statesman” bring about the better world he promised? He was just the same as SWRD, exploiting racial tensions to get political advantage, as Ranbandu says above.

      • 4
        0

        Randil
        As far as I know the name of the party was and is “Thamil Arasu Katchy in Tamil and English.
        Federal party is a colloquial term to describe the party mainly by sinhala politicians and journalist.
        If you look at the electoral register you will not find federal party.

        • 2
          0

          Randil
          I stand corrected. The name should be
          Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK) (Tamil: இலங்கைத் தமிழரசுக் கட்சி, Sinhalese: ඉලංගෙයි තමිළ් අරසු කච්චි).
          Calling ITAK as Federal party is like calling UNP the green party and SLFP the blue party by some people.

          • 0
            3

            Dear Mr Proudman,

            How do you think Amir and Chelva referred to their party when they spoke in English? Also, wasn’t their stated political objective when they spoke in English was a federal arrangement, while the impression they gave the electorate in NE was separation (Tamil Arsu)?

            Do you not know this or do you just want to disagree just for the sake of having an argument?

            Actually, you will find that the same trick is being used by the TNA even to this day — giving the South (and the international community) the impression they are for a solution within a unitary state, but at election time shout emotionally about “Tamil Rule” to the electorate. This duplicity is precisely the reason that caused frustration among the youth and led to them taking up arms.

            Assuming you are Tamil, you should understand this better than I do, because more of the damage done by them (Tamil politicians from Chelva to TNA) has been to your people.

            Bye for now
            Randil

            • 2
              0

              randil
              when ITAK was formed breaking away from ACTC(all ceylon tamil congress), just like SLFP was formed by SWRD breaking away from UNP , there was no talk of separation, it was for a federalism, separation came about much later when everything failed by the sinhala politics..
              Now just to give you an example that SJV Chelva was a statesman look at the speech he gave in the State Council, in 1948 when the bill to deprive the upcountry tamils of their citizenship “You are now hitting at the weakest section of the Tamils. You are hitting at the innocent and the meek that are labouring in the chill and the cold of the hill-country plantation regions producing your wealth. We will know where we stand when our turn comes next, we will know when the next piece of legislation in this series comes, the one dealing with our language.
              Low and behold the sinhala only act was brought in by SWRD some 10m years later.

              So you see Chelva was able to predict what the sinhala polity would do 10 years ahead THAT my boy is statesmanship and not mere politics.
              Learn and then we can talk.

              • 1
                2

                Mr Proudman,

                Ho ho, “what Chelva said in 1948 became true ten years later, so he is statesman,” you claim!

                Come on — Chelva’s Vaddukkoddai resolution was in 1976. Ten years after 1976, on the streets of Jaffna, Tamil thugs were murdering other Tamil kids in their hundreds. Kiddu and his gang burnt Tamil kids of TELO alive. Have you heard that? Could your statesman predict that?

                Twelve years after 1976, Tamils were fighting the Indians in the streets of Jaffna. Have you heard of that? Could your statesman predict that?

                Overall, if you don’t include the endgame in 2009, as many Tamils were killed by other Tamils and Indians than by Sinhalese. Have you heard this? Could your statesman predict that?

                You gave me one prediction Chelva got right. I have given you three he could not predict. Happy?

                Statesman? No Sir, Chelva was just a cheap politician who wanted to win elections, no different from SWRDB and JR.

                And, by the way, it is “Lo and behold” not “Low and behold”. Still want to say “Learn (my boy) and then we can talk?”

                Randil

                • 1
                  0

                  Randil
                  What I said was Chelva was able to predict what the sinhala politicians would do 10 years in advance.
                  Did that happen or not.
                  Fighting for independance and dyeing is normal all over the world,
                  The had a principle and they died for it it is unfortunate they lost. So don’t blame one person.
                  BTW Thank you for picking on my typing spotting my error must be the highlight of the day for you.
                  Have another bottle of kasippu on me.

                  • 1
                    1

                    Aney Proudman

                    Please check the difference between “dying” and “dyeing”.
                    It is not kassippu I drink, it is arrack.

                    Yes Chelva predicted one thing (I accepted it), but I gave
                    you three examples in which he failed — and his failure
                    cost the Tamils a great deal.

                    Now, are you sure that the killing of 16 year olds
                    in hundreds, some of them burnt alive after they
                    surrendered can be dismissed easily as “in war people die”
                    or glorified as “they had principles”.

                    Come on, be sensible.

                    Otherwise you become Shame-man!

                    Randil.

                    • 2
                      0

                      ok then have a bottle of arrack on me.
                      You say “Now, are you sure that the killing of 16 year olds in hundreds, some of them burnt alive after they surrendered “
                      This is all hearsay no concrete evidence what so ever, you must have listened to SL propaganda may be while having a few glasses of arrack.

                • 5
                  0

                  Randil

                  “Overall, if you don’t include the endgame in 2009,”

                  Is there a valid reason for you to exclude the endgame?

                  “as many Tamils were killed by other Tamils and Indians than by Sinhalese.”

                  I might agree with you only if you cite comparative studies ever carried out in this island and mention who was involved in the body count.

          • 2
            1

            //This is all hearsay no concrete evidence what so ever,//

            Oh dead, oh dear… you are either astonishingly ignorant or
            a perfect fit to the proverb in your own language that refers
            to a pumpkin and a handful of rice! What a shame, man?

            • 2
              0

              Thats the fact. Whether you like it or not.
              There is no ignorance. What you have written is pure hearsay. Anyone can say or write anything that doesn’t become true just because it is said hundred times. You listen to the propaganda broadcast over and over many times while consuming few coconut shell full of arrack and your brain got saturated with that false information and now you find it very difficult to shed it OR you are the propagandist.

  • 7
    0

    Mr Ranabandu
    You say “There were no social injustices inflicted on Tamils by any ordinary Sinhalese then or before that, Believe me on that,”
    May be you did hear about the 1956, 1958 riots in colombo and down south where many tamil and muslims were raped , murdered, their property looted and burnt down.
    You did not hear about the Sinhala only act to deprive the tamil civil and clerical servants of their promotions.
    You did not hear about the standardization of University entrance to limit the tamil entering science and Medical faculties.All these don’t count as social injustice to the Tamils and muslims in your book!!!!
    You said you were a colleague of vaseeharan in the University of Ceylon, I don’t know what you taught to your students. I know a lecturer,Osmund, in my days in the physics department who was ultra racist and encouraged his students to be racists, I am not sure whether you are one of his product. I know one, in Canada who is his product and this chap write ultra racist articles. Hope you are not one of “them”.

    • 1
      6

      How can you a be a proud man, when you don’t even understand what I have stated. 1956 and 1958 are the outcomes of the Hypothesis “It is all the fault of the ‘other’” introduced by SWRD Banda. Also, you have referred to a character known as Osmund and some bogus economic refugees living luxury in Canada. Judging by your comments and the people you have come to know, it is obvious that, there is no difference between you,Wigneswaran, Prabhakaran and the character Osmund you have referred to.

      • 6
        1

        Ranbandu
        What you have written is “There were no social injustices inflicted on Tamils by any ordinary Sinhalese then or before that, Believe me on that,”
        What I asked you was if no injustices were inflicted on Tamils by Sinhalese what about the 1956 and 1958 murders, rape, looting by the sinhala mob on Tamils and muslims— don’t they count as injustices?
        The bottom line is YOU ARE A RACIST.

      • 3
        0

        Ranbandu

        “it is obvious that, there is no difference between you,Wigneswaran, Prabhakaran and the character Osmund you have referred to.”

        I am dumbstruck to hear PROUDMAN, Wigneshwaran, Prabaharan and Osmund are lumped into one group. Were Wigneshwaran, PROUDMAN and Osmund trained by Hindia along with Prabaharan?

        If so is Wigneshwaran part of a sleeper cell planted by Hindia?

  • 1
    4

    Proudman, learn to keep calm and don’t shoot the messenger. You will not get anywhere with your point of view and through generalized attacks on noble Sinhala people. We, the noble Sinhala people have been very silent until now; we believe in AHIMSA and follow Lord Buddha’s Doctrine strictly. Because of our docile manners we were sucked into S.W.R.D Banda’s societal research and experiments first and later on we made the same mistake by letting J.R.Jayawrdene to succeed. Both these guys (not from Sinhala family roots to begin with) and their adopted gang of inner circle are NOT NOBLE SINHALA PEOPLE. I repeat they are NOT NOBLE SINHALA PEOPLE. Look at the members of the current parliament, do we expect any justice from these guys. We, the Noble Sinhala people are victims too. Overall, every average Sri Lankan citizen is a victim. All due to the political hypothesis; “It is all the fault of the ‘other’,” that SWRDB and JRJ has advanced to achieve their personal goal. Proudman, you better sit back, relax and analyze what is going on in Sri Lanka.

    • 3
      1

      ranbandu
      You speak of “We, the noble Sinhala people have been very silent until now; we believe in AHIMSA and follow Lord Buddha’s Doctrine strictly.”
      If you noble people believe in ahimsa how do you explain the riots of 1956 1nd 1958 killing, raping, looting ??
      Don’t give me the bullshit that you were drawn into it by SWRD and JR, And they are not noble sinhala people.
      If they are not sinhala people who are they? How about rajapaksas are they noble sinhala people or not?
      How about wimal weeravansa, ranil wickramasinghe, sirisena name who you consider as noble sinhala people.

      • 1
        3

        Proudman;

        Nobleness is not earned through controlling others, or power or through wealth. You cannot buy that in a shop or in an academic institution. Noble people posses fine personal qualities, act with high moral principles, honor and follow ideals of middle path. None of the individuals you have mentioned have these characteristics. I suggest you to visit inner rural Sri Lanka, where Buddhist majority live. You will be surprised and delighted to meet many Noble Sinhala people.

        • 2
          0

          Ranbandu
          Well I won’t disagree with you in that there are many sinhala people who respect fellow citizens and follow middle path but unfortunately they are silent witnesses to the injustice done by the sinhala politicians and don’t protest. Which leads others the impression that these sensible people condone such acts of injustice, IMO a noble person even at the expense of his life must make voice against those actions. Yester years leaders of leftist parties initially raised their voice but later in their life they joined the perpetrators.THat is SL.

  • 2
    0

    Ranabandu,

    “We, the noble Sinhala people have been very silent until now; we believe in AHIMSA and follow Lord Buddha’s Doctrine strictly.”

    These noble people silent from 1948??? and elected UNP & SLFP govts who did all these in justice to Tamils.

  • 0
    2

    Anpu;

    Very good question. It is all politicians since the death of D.S.Senanayake, irrespective of their political parties, ethnicity and religion. I mean all politicians, current and past since 1953.

    • 2
      0

      Ranbandu,

      Is not D.S.Senananayke started all these?

      In 1928, in the course of the discussion on the Donoughmore Commission proposals in the State Council, D.S.Senanayake famously said:

      “We do not want to get rid of anyone from this Island. Let us live together; let us be citizens of this country and not citizens of any other…. We want the Indians in Ceylon to be Ceylonese; to be domiciled here…. We do not deny them citizenship…. We would welcome the Indians as Ceylonese, but if they have no permanent interests in Ceylon, then let them be Indians; let them look after themselves. They must be either citizens of India or Ceylon…. We do not want to differentiate. We do not want to discriminate. We do not consider Indians as aliens…. We tell them ‘Become part of ourselves, become Ceylonese, and then share in the Government’…. That is our position, and I hope that our friends will not for their own purposes misinterpret us, but will appreciate our real attitude in this matter”. (1)

      But in a matter of months after becoming a dominion, the same Senanayake, now the Prime Minister of the country, turned his guns towards the most exploited and oppressed community in the island, the plantation Tamils, who lived segregated in line house in tea estates, away from the general trend of life without being allowed to settle down in nearby villages. Through Ceylon Citizenship Act no. 18 of 1948 and Indian and Pakistani Residents (Citizenship) Act of 1949, they were stripped of their citizenship rights which were followed by a third act, Ceylon (Parliamentary Elections) Amendment Act, no. 48 of 1949, legalising the denial of their voting rights.

      The bills were blatant violations of Article 29 (2) of the Island’s Constitution drafted by British Soulbury Commission before granting Dominion status. The flimsy provision barred the state from making ‘persons of any community or religion liable to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of other communities or religions are not made liable.’(2) Despite the rhetoric, the British Empire let the Senanayke’s Dominion Government act in the way they did, since the colonialists had their own reasons to do so. For an example, from a ‘Top Secret Report’, dated 09th June 1947, sent to the Cabinet jointly by the Chief of the Air Staff Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Vice Chief of the Naval Staff concerning ‘Defence Requirements in Ceylon’ stated:

      “There is always a danger of India (especially Congress India) interfering in Ceylonese internal politics and promoting discontent among the powerful Indian minority….Such disorders, however provoked, would have a serious effect upon the working of our service establishments. Although the Ceylon Government should be responsible for internal security, in the event of the situation becoming beyond her capacity to control and our defence interests being threatened, we should reserve the right to introduce forces, and to take action as necessary to protect our interests.” (3)

      As a consequence of the citizenship bills, over 700,000 Tamils became stateless overnight. It was, in fact, the hard labour of the Tamil plantation workers that made a large welfare state possible in the first place. For example, according to official statistical records, the tea production rose to an average 120,000 metric tons in the war years and had peaked in 1948 at137,000 metric tons. ‘….about 40 per cent of gross national income of Ceylon in 1950 was derived from exports and about 30 per cent of gross national expenditure was on imported consumption goods. Nearly 95 per cent of export earnings were from tea, rubber and coconut products’(4) while tea remained as the major export crop. The Sri Lankan state generously spent the revenues to launch massive peasant colonisation schemes while providing free education, free health care, free milk feeding, free meals for school children and subsidies on essential goods, whereas the people who generated the revenues were left out as aliens who were denied even the fundamental democratic right of voting. Instead, they were presented as ‘parasites’ intending to oust the ‘Sinhalese out of their traditional areas’ by way of expansion.

      Shocked by the openly racist character of the citizenship bills, one of the leading Tamil politicians at the time, S.J.V.Chelvanayagam, said in the State Council, in 1948: “You are now hitting at the weakest section of the Tamils. You are hitting at the innocent and the meek that are labouring in the chill and the cold of the hill-country plantation regions producing your wealth. We will know where we stand when our turn comes next, we will know when the next piece of legislation in this series comes, the one dealing with our language.’ (5)

      Many believed that he was carried away by his anger triggered by the discriminatory nature of the Citizenship Bills. But in point of fact, his words reflected a prophetic truth than emotional outrage.

      1 Quoted in a speech made by Tamil senator S. Nadesan, at the Ceylon Senate on 15 September 1948. / Ceylon Hansard,
      2 Section 29 of the Soulbury Constitution. (2008). In R. Edirisingha, M. Gomez, V. Thamilmaran & A. Welikala (Eds.), Power Sharing in Sri Lanka: Constitutional and Political Documents 1926-2008 (p. 204).
      Colombo: Centre for Policy Alternatives.
      3 Cabinet Paper (47) 179 : 09 June 1947 / The National Archives, UK
      4 Nanjundan, S. (1952, April 15). Economic Development of Ceylon. Economic Weekly, p.353.
      5 Navaratnam, V. (Toronto:1991). The Fall and Rise of the Tamil Nation. (pp. 48-49).

      • 1
        2

        My Dear Anpu I do not need any references to reply you. My memory and experience in Sri Lanka is good enough to answer you. Besides, I do not give a damn about opinion written by Corrupt Sri Lankan politicians, the third parties involved in conducting research to quench their academic desires or for the sake of research and others groomed under various Sri Lankan political schools of thoughts. Let’s look at our national interests first; the following actions were taken on the recommendations of our national security experts at that time :

        ‘Top Secret Report’, dated 09th June 1947, sent to the Cabinet jointly by the Chief of the Air Staff Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Vice Chief of the Naval Staff concerning ‘Defence Requirements in Ceylon’ stated: “There is always a danger of India (especially Congress India) interfering in Ceylonese internal politics and promoting discontent among the powerful Indian minority….Such disorders, however provoked, would have a serious effect upon the working of our service establishments. Although the Ceylon Government should be responsible for internal security, in the event of the situation becoming beyond her capacity to control and our defence interests being threatened, we should reserve the right to introduce forces, and to take action as necessary to protect our interests.” (3)
        The response of our national government at that time was the following.

        “Through Ceylon Citizenship Act no. 18 of 1948 and Indian and Pakistani Residents (Citizenship) Act of 1949, they were stripped of their citizenship rights which were followed by a third act, Ceylon (Parliamentary Elections) Amendment Act, no. 48 of 1949, legalising the denial of their voting rights.”

        Now Anpu, the reality at that time was thousands of BOAT-LOADS OF SOUTH INDIANS from the southern states mainly TAMIL NADU and KERALA were landing in the northern Coastal Line of our shores. They were leaving poverty stricken India to escape from hunger and hopelessness. It was customary for the Indians living in southern Indian states to listen to “Radio Ceylon” every morning and evening and pray to god to bless them to arrive in Sri Lanka safely in THONI (Boat) which was only 20 odd kilometers away. Please do not attempt to trivialize the danger faced by the Nation of Sri Lanka. Do you know why? Sri Lanka was one of the three richest countries of Asia at the time of independence (Other two; Japan and Malaysia). By the way air fare from Colombo to London was only Sri Lankan Rupees 450. Now you cannot have a decent lunch in an average restaurant for Rs. 450. For Indians, Sri Lanka was the nearest paradise in those days. If the government of Sri Lanka did not take appropriate actions, we would have ended-up as an Extension of Tamil Nadu. Perhaps, families of Karunaneedhi, Jayalalitha and Vaiko may have ended up in Sri Lanka just like Jayawardenes, Bandaranaikes, Sarams and Thondamans. “Kallathoni” illegal boat people would have ended-up as the majority and oppressed the founders of Sri Lanka; SINHALA. That was the reality and the threat faced by our nation. So Anpu do not ever say that Interests of a Nation is secondary to that of illegal immigrants. At least learn from the latest example, the results of “BREXIT” in the UK. Those days, if you throw a pebble of stone in populated area in northern peninsula, it may have fallen on a head of a “KALLATHONI”. That says how many of them were roaming streets of Jaffna, Vavuniya , Thalaimanar, Hatton, Nuwara Eliya, Thalawakele, Kotagala, Bandarawela and Haputale. Mr. D.S.Senanyake appropriately and swiftly acted to protect our national security, sovereignty and unitary status of Sri Lanka. I perfectly understand Truth is bitter for some readers.
        I am not done yet Mr. Anpu on the topic since you brought this up.. Yes 700,000 became stateless. Do you know how many left back to India willingly? ; NONE. The majority of those illegal became Citizenship holders by default mainly due to a major weakness in another hoodwinking act performed by the widow of the scoundrel SWRD Bandaranaike. SIRIMA-SHASTRI pact was only appears to be good on the paper it was written. It did not provide any logistic solution to the problem. I guess Shastri outsmarted the Sri Lankan representatives. SIRIMA-SHASTRI pact says these 700,000 or 685,000 must be repatriated to India within Ten years. If Sri Lankan government fails to repatriate all 700,000 within Ten Years, the Sri Lankan government is obliged and must provide citizenship to the remainder of the illegal immigrants. India did not provide any logistics to take her people back. For Sirima, this was a political trick to gain the confidence and votes of majority Sinhala people. She or her coterie of misfits did not have a solid plan to repatriate 700,000 Migrants within ten years. Sirima was planning to use the ferry service that existed between Talaimanar and Rameshwaran, India. This ferry operated once a week and for ten months only during the year. The total passenger capacity: Max 600 passengers. By the way, I have visited this ferry once and understand what it offered to the passengers and cargo. Now, a simple calculation will give us how many Kallathonis were repatriated to India within ten years. Let’s assume 42 weeks for ten months/year availability of the ferry to carry 600 passengers, once a week. 600x1x42 =25,200 for ten years the total is 252,000. So by default the remainder; 448,000 kallathonis were given citizenship. So Mr. Anpu, do not try to hoodwink us about what happened to those 700,000 illegal immigrants and do not shed crocodile tears. The noble Sinhala people were duped again by Sirima and the dudes graduated from the SWRDB School of Political Sciences. Because of our docile manners, we have never questioned or challenged the SLFP politicians on this and similar vile acts perpetrated against our national interests.

        • 2
          0

          Ranabandu,

          Thank you for your long reply. But I do not agree with most of what you have said.

          (1) It is wrong to promise and then not keeping that promise. Specially by “knobble people”
          (2) BREXIT – won by scare mongering. Like your “kallathoni” reason. BREXIT used pictures taken in Turkey (or that part of that world)in their campaign. To stop kallthoni you strengthen your borders.
          (3) How many sinhalease and tamils from sri lanka got their citizenships of UK, USA, Australia,…
          How did they get their citizenship? – with work permit or living in that country for few years.

          These 700,000 people (2nd, third generation) I referred to lived in the country for many years and worked for the country.

          Where did these Nayakes came from?

          (4) Forget about the history.
          What is happening in the North and East NOW? Sinhalisation by various means. People cannot go back to their onw lands. Their houses were destroyed. They cannot farm their land.

          Have you read what Mr Sampanthan and Mr Sumanthiran said recently?
          https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/sampanthan-wants-all-lands-held-by-military-in-north-east-immediately-returned-to-civilians/
          https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/thoughts-on-sri-lankas-progress-in-this-transitional-phase/

        • 2
          0

          Ranabandu,

          This is from one of the srilankan ministers Mrs Rosie Senanayake who visited UK recently.

          “‘…I am appealing to you because of the long suffering that everyone has gone through. Sri Lanka will be hugely hit by the UK leaving the EU, predominately because of the fact that it exports 40% of its trade to the UK – leaving will cause the economy to suffer’.

        • 2
          0

          Ranbandu,

          Armed forces are running pre schools in the north.
          http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=21159

          Brain washing!

        • 2
          0

          Ranbandu,

          This is a vital moment for the future of Sri Lanka. The human rights situation in the country will not improve until the culture of impunity is replaced with a culture of responsibility, accountability, and fulfilment of full rights of the Tamil community and all other minorities in the country.

          The bloody civil war that ravaged Sri Lanka for 26 years officially ended in 2009. with the defeat of the minority Tamil separatists, led by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The conflict, killed around 200,000, led to the displacement of more than a million Tamils , destroyed infrastructure across the country, and took a heavy toll on the lives and livelihoods of the population of the Northern and Eastern Provinces.

          Seven years later, a silent war continues under a different guise. One major issue is the continued displacement of people from their lands and homes as a result of persistent military occupation of the Northern and Eastern Provinces.

          Thousands of Tamils are still internally displaced and remain without land or livelihoods. For those who have been “resettled” through government schemes, the process has often taken place without voluntary or fully informed settlement choice and without adequate infrastructure in place for rebuilding their lives.

          Sri Lanka’s army still occupies “high security zones” in the North and East of the country. In 2014, at least 160,000 soldiers, almost entirely Sinhalese, were estimated to be stationed in the North. With the Northern Province’s population estimated at just over one million in 2012, this yields a ratio of one army member for every six civilians, despite the official end of hostilities six years ago.

          This military occupation is not about ensuring security. The army has expanded non-military activities and is engaged in large-scale property development, construction projects, and business ventures such as travel agencies, farming, holiday resorts, restaurants, and innumerable cafes that dot the highways in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. The army officially runs luxury resorts and golf courses that have been erected on land seized from now–internally displaced peoples. Tourists can book holidays in luxury beach resorts by directly calling reservation numbers at the Ministry of Defence. These resorts and businesses are located on lands that were previously home to the local Tamil population, who were displaced by the war. They see no sign of return, despite numerous demands and petitions.

          These recent land grabs perpetuate and build upon a decades- long history of marginalization of the Tamil population, which has involved violence, pogroms, repressive laws, and a government-orchestrated colonization of the Northern and Eastern parts of the island nation that used to constitute the Tamils’ homeland. This process has not only stripped Tamil peoples of their culture, land, and livelihoods, but also has significantly altered the demographic makeup of these regions. This systematic repression fuelled the civil war that erupted in 1983, with the Tamil insurrection demanding separation of the Northern and Eastern Provinces.

          In the decade following independence in 1948, the takeover of land and displacement started via “development” projects and irrigation schemes, which colonized the Tamil lands through the settlement of hundreds of thousands of Sinhalese brought from the southern part of the country. Beyond the destruction of Tamils’ livelihoods and the takeover of their land and water resources, this colonization involved a systematic war on Tamil culture, language, and religion. The 1956 Sinhala-only law that made Sinhala the only official language in the country was one of the many discriminatory measures aimed at the cultural and economic marginalization of the Tamils.

          The LTTE was defeated in 2009 through a bloody military offensive that led to widespread destruction, the killing of tens of thousands of civilians by government shelling, and the displacement of the entire population living in rebel-controlled territories. A 2011 United Nations panel raised serious questions about the actual objectives of the military operations, observing how the army “shelled on a large scale in three consecutive No Fire Zones, where it had encouraged the civilian population to concentrate.”

          Over the past 7 years, the process of Sinhalization has intensified with an aggressive government-led effort that systematically replaces Tamil culture and history with victory monuments dedicated to Sinhalese hegemony and Buddhist religion on the ruins of the Tamil homeland. The Sinhalization of the Northern and Eastern Provinces involves the establishment of Sinhala signboards, streets newly renamed in Sinhala, multiple monuments to Sinhala war heroes, war museums, and the construction of Buddhist temples—even in areas where no Buddhists live.

          A new government was elected in early 2015 with the promise that it will engage in a process of truth and reconciliation. It is unclear how such a process could effectively take place, given the current level of military occupation and the ongoing Sinhalization efforts. Furthermore, a process of truth and reconciliation will have little hope of succeeding unless the new government makes decisive and concrete moves around two other paramount human rights issues that have not seen any progress since the end of the war.

          Thousands of people who remain missing since the end of the conflict. A 2012 United Nations report refers to more than 70,000 people who are unaccounted for. The bishop of Mannar has given an even higher number of 147,000 missing from the Vanni region alone. Although the Oakland Institute is unable to provide a precise estimate, our researchers gathered dozens of testimonies during their fieldwork that confirm that large numbers of individuals are still missing. Sons, brothers, and husbands have disappeared since their surrender to the Sri Lankan army in 2009 or since they were “white vanned” during the conflict and at the end of the war. In August 2013, the former President, Mahinda Rajapaksa, set up a Presidential Commission to look into complaints regarding missing persons. In July 2014, the Commission’s mandate was expanded to investigate allegations of war crimes and violations of international humanitarian law by the LTTE and the Sri Lankan armed forces, thereby weakening its original mandate. By August 2014, family members of nearly 20,000 people, including 5,600 family members of Sri Lankan army personnel who went missing during the war, had petitioned the Commission.

          The release of political prisoners and of all individuals imprisoned due to the conflict is the primary demand of many of those interviewed in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. Yet, to date, pledges made by the government for the release of prisoners have lacked timelines and enforcement mechanisms. It is feared that many of the missing are not imprisoned. The government has been strongly encouraging families to stop searching for the loved ones, and accept a death certificate for their family members along with financial compensation. However, many families have rejected this offer, which does not include restitution of the bodies and information about the cause and place of death.

    • 3
      0

      “” It is all politicians since the death of D.S.Senanayake,””

      But it was DSS who adhered to nepotism the forerunner to ethnic, language and religious differences.
      Plantation workers who got independence from clueless Harry Truman with out firing a shot. Harry laughed at you lot and the clothes you wore.

Leave A Comment

Comments should not exceed 200 words. Embedding external links and writing in capital letters are discouraged. Commenting is automatically disabled after 5 days and approval may take up to 24 hours. Please read our Comments Policy for further details. Your email address will not be published.